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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Optical Ramsey-type magnetometer using coherent population trapping

А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. By now there have been proposed and partly realized in experiments several optical schemes for the precise measurement of a magnetic field. Among them the most promising methods are based on atomic coherence (first proposed by Scully and Fleischhauer in 1992). In one of optical schemes the interaction with spatially separated fields was used, following to the Ramsey method. We propose a new variant of magnetometer, where the advantages of the Ramsey method are combined with the high-contrast detection provided by the coherent population trapping effect. In our scheme for the measurement of arbitrary directed magnetic field B a cell with atomic vapor is used.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.961799

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Summary form only given. By now there have been proposed and partly realized in experiments several optical schemes for the precise measurement of a magnetic field. Among them the most promising methods are based on atomic coherence (first proposed by Scully and Fleischhauer in 1992). In one of optical schemes the interaction with spatially separated fields was used, following to the Ramsey method. We propose a new variant of magnetometer, where the advantages of the Ramsey method are combined with the high-contrast detection provided by the coherent population trapping effect. In our scheme for the measurement of arbitrary directed magnetic field B a cell with atomic vapor is used.
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Atoms in magnetically sensitive sublevels constitute a natural sensor for absolute magnetic field measurements, which are explored here to form an optical Ramsey interferometer for determining the magnetic field distribution. An optical Ramsey atom interferometer provides a convenient way to map a magnetic field in vacuum. In comparison with the often used Raman spectroscopy method, a Ramsey interferometer can not only improve the sensitivity, but also dramatically suppress the contribution of the ac Stark effect. Furthermore, in this work, the magnetically sensitive atoms are velocity-selected, which improves the spatial resolution for the magnetometer as well as the contrast of the Ramsey fringes. A short-term sensitivity of 1.4nT/Hz1/21.4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{nT/Hz}}^{1/2}1.4nT/Hz1/2 for magnetic field measurement is finally achieved even with an interrogation time as short as $500\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. The presented approach for absolute magnetic field measurement is expected to find wide applications in atom-interferometry-based precision measurements.
We have developed a field-deployable vector magnetometer using a small rubidium vapor cell, which is capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of the earth's magnetic field with high accuracy and sensitivity. The magnetometer measures Larmor precession of rubidium atoms using the phenomenon, called synchronous coherent population trapping (SCPT). This gives the advantage of producing a high contrast and narrow linewidth resonance needed for measuring the magnetic field with high accuracy and sensitivity. The magnetometer exhibits sub-nT/√Hz sensitivities in measuring the field components along the three directions.
A pocket coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometer scheme that uses a vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source is proposed and experimentally investigated. Using the differential detecting magneto–optic rotation effect, a CPT spectrum with the background canceled and a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the proposed scheme can be improved by half an order, and the ability to detect weak magnetic fields is extended one-fold. Therefore, the proposed scheme is suited to realize a pocket-size CPT magnetometer.
Coherent population trapping(CPT)magnetometer is based on coherent population trapping coherent dark states,using an all-optical method to measure the magnetic field with high accuracy.In our experiment,we used the method of injection locking to get the two color lasers with locked phase and large frequency difference,which equald to the hyperfine splitting of the cesium atoms′ground states,and observed the CPT transmission signals.We added the longitudinal magnetic field which was along the laser propagation direction,and observed the widen CPT transmission peak and the splitting signals.For the magnetic field of medium intensity,we got the magnetic field value by measuring the splitting spacing,and for the weak region,the value could be obtained by the relation of current and magnetic field.In our experiment,we could measure the static field with several nT.
We propose and experimentally investigate a coherent population trapping state based magnetometer prototype with 87 Rb atoms. Through modulating Zeeman sublevels with an ac magnetic field, not only a phase sensitive detection scheme suitable for miniature magnetometer is realized, but also the detection resolution of magnetic field intensity could be improved by a factor of two. Our study result indicates that it is a promising low power consumption miniature sensitive low magnetic field sensor offering spatially resolved measurement at the sub-millimetre level.