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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Frequency shift of diode lasers stabilized on S-D two photon polarization on Rb atoms

R. Gamidov, Mustafa Çetintaş

Published Jun 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, the experimental results of two photon fluorescence and polarization spectrum on S-D transition of /sup 87/Rb atoms and investigation of frequency shift of external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) stabilized on fluorescence and polarization resonance are presented. The influence of gas temperature and external magnetic field to shape of two-photon resonance and laser frequency stabilized on this resonance were investigated.

DOI
10.1109/freq.2002.1075925

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In the presented study a diode laser was characterised and used for spec- troscopy, measuring the resonance lines of atomic rubidium. The characteristics of diode lasers and external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) for the purposes of ab- sorption spectroscopy were investigated and an experimental setup for tunable diode laser spectroscopy using an ECDL was developed. In external cavity diode lasers, the advantages of low cost, small size and e ciency of a diode laser is combined with tunability and a narrow frequency bandwidth. The ECDL was applied in experimental setups for absorption spectroscopy and saturated ab- sorption spectroscopy. Measurement of the absorption of atomic rubidium's D2 line near 780 nm is discussed. The Doppler broadened, as well as the Doppler free spectrum of the ne and hyper ne structure of the D2 line were measured and is discussed. Finer control of the ECDL's stability and frequency, using a servo circuit, were investigated and tested. An overview is given of laser cool- ing and trapping of neutral rubidium atoms, which is the main application the ECDL were developed for.
The stabilizing and shifting of laser frequency are very important for the interaction between the laser and atoms. The modulation transfer spectroscopy for the87 Rb atom with D2 line transition F = 2 → F = 3 is used for stabilizing and shifting the frequency of the external cavity grating feedback diode laser. The resonant phase modulator with electro–optical effect is used to generate frequency sideband to lock the laser frequency. In the locking scheme, circularly polarized pump- and probe-beams are used. By optimizing the temperature of the vapor, the pump- and probe-beam intensity, the laser linewidth of 280 kHz is obtained. Furthermore, the magnetic field generated by a solenoid is added into the system. Therefore the system can achieve the frequency locking at any point in a range of hundreds of megahertz frequency shifting with very low power loss.
The advancement of cold atom gravimeters (CAG) is based on the precise control and stabilization of lasers used for the atom interferometry.The 5S → 5P transition in rubidium (Rb) at 780.241 nm is crucial for such quantum technology applications.In this study, the hyperfine structure of 5 2 S1/2 → 5 2 P3/2, D2 transition line of 87 Rb atoms obtained through saturation absorption spectroscopy, are used as a reference for the frequency stabilization of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) operating at 780 nm.The ECDL is locked to the hyperfine saturated absorption peak of 87 Rb (F = 2 → 3').This laser beam is combined with another 780 nm ECDL laser to obtain the beat frequency spectrum, generating a beat note signal of ~ 6.8 GHz, which is needed for phase stabilization between lasers.These are critical for the Raman beam generation in the CAG, as the 87 Rb atoms ground hyperfine states (F = 1 and F = 2) have separation of ~ 6.834 GHz, and two Raman beams with an 6.8 GHz offset can drive transitions between these hyperfine states of 87 Rb to realize the CAG interferometry scheme.
In this work, a derivative of spectrum of polarization resonances in $5{S}_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}5{D}_{5∕2}$ transitions of Rb\mathrm{Rb}Rb atoms at different values of longitudinal magnetic field, which occurs due to the Faraday effect, was observed in a temperature controlled and magnetically shielded cell. The amplitude and spectral shape of Faraday resonances were investigated as a function of external magnetic field and the experimental results are described by a simple theoretical model.