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International Journal of Quantum Information

DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM DENSE CODING WITH A GENUINE MULTIPARTITE ENTANGLEMENT IN LINEAR OPTICAL SYSTEM

Yi Wang, Liu Ye, Qing-Min Song, Bao‐Long Fang

Published Jul 13, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose two schemes for realizing dense coding in linear optical system. These schemes are based on a genuine four-qubit entangled state |Ψ〉 as a shared resource of entanglement. There are many interesting properties and possible applications in quantum information processing and fundamental tests of quantum physics by this state. By distinguishing Alice's operation we can easily achieve the dense-coding.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911008027

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We propose two schemes for realizing dense coding in linear optical system. These schemes are based on a genuine four-qubit entangled state |Ψ〉 as a shared resource of entanglement. There are many interesting properties and possible applications in quantum information processing and fundamental tests of quantum physics by this state. By distinguishing Alice's operation we can easily achieve the dense-coding.
A quantum secure direct communication scheme using dense coding is proposed. At first, the sender (Alice) prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and shares them with the receiver (Bob) by sending two particles in each entangled state to him. Secondly, Alice encodes secret information by performing the unitary transformations on her particles and transmits them to Bob. Finally, Bob performs the joint measurements on his particles to decode the secret information. The two-step security test guarantees the security of communication.
We present an explicit protocol E0 for faithfully teleporting an arbitrary two-qubit state via a genuine four-qubit entangled state. By construction, our four-partite state is not reducible to a pair of Bell states. Its properties are compared and contrasted with those of the four-party Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states. We also give a dense coding scheme D0 involving our state as a shared resource of entanglement. Both D0 and E0 indicate that our four-qubit state is a likely candidate for the genuine four-partite analogue to a Bell state.
We discuss a scheme for a full superdense coding of entangled photon states employing only linear optics elements. By using the mixed basis consisting of four states that are unambiguously distinguishable by a standard and polarizing beam splitters we can deterministically transfer four messages by manipulating just one of the two entangled photons. The sender achieves the determinism of the transfer either by giving up the control over 50% of sent messages (although known to her) or by discarding 33% of incoming photons.
A novel scheme for realizing dense coding with Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ) state in linear optical system is proposed.In this protocol,Alice codes on photon 1 and 2 by linear optical element and sents these photons to Bob.Then Bob performs a joint measurement on photons 1,2,and 3 with the GHZ basis by employing two quantum nondemolition detectors(QND) and polarizing beam splitter(PBS).Eight GHZ states can be completely discriminated.According to the outcomes of his measurement,Bob can determine what operation Alice applied.Alice only transmits two photons in this process of the quantum dense coding,but Bob can obtain three bits of classical information.The QND devices are generally based on cross-Kerr nonlinearities,and the cross-Kerr nonlinearities are available with electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).
Controlled dense coding which uses different five-qubit entangled systems is described in this article. Using a criterion based on quantum-statistical correlations to define the extent of entanglement, five-qubit states are shown to have genuine entanglement. Different schemes which are easily implementable experimentally for a receiver to decode the message from a sender are described. The importance of representation of a quantum channel and distribution of qubits in a communication protocol are emphasized. It is observed that when a controller is involved it is desirable that measurement results are transmitted to the receiver and not to the sender for experimental convenience. In addition, a controlled dense coding protocol for average information transfer is given for arbitrary (2N + 1)-qubit entangled systems, using the above schemes.
Abstract Quantum communication is a new emerging inter-discipline in which classical communication theory and quantum mechanics are intertwined. Among them, the utilization of quantum entangled state properties is fundamental to the realization of quantum communication. In this way, we can ensure the security and confidentiality of information during transmission based on a new communication scheme, i.e., a quantum dense coding scheme. It enables the transmission of two bits of classical information by transmitting only one qubit. In the past decades, the scheme has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its promising development. In this paper, on top of quantum mechanics, we first review the two-dimensional dense coding scheme and analyze the process implemented by the above scheme. Then it is successfully extended to higher dimensions (three dimensions), predicting the possibility of implementation in more than two dimensions. Finally, the importance of the maximally entangled state for the transmission of this scheme is briefly explained.