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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

Scheme for implementing quantum dense coding by using linear optical system

Liu Ye

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A novel scheme for realizing dense coding with Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ) state in linear optical system is proposed.In this protocol,Alice codes on photon 1 and 2 by linear optical element and sents these photons to Bob.Then Bob performs a joint measurement on photons 1,2,and 3 with the GHZ basis by employing two quantum nondemolition detectors(QND) and polarizing beam splitter(PBS).Eight GHZ states can be completely discriminated.According to the outcomes of his measurement,Bob can determine what operation Alice applied.Alice only transmits two photons in this process of the quantum dense coding,but Bob can obtain three bits of classical information.The QND devices are generally based on cross-Kerr nonlinearities,and the cross-Kerr nonlinearities are available with electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).

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Open Physics•Aug 1, 2013•1 citation
A novel scheme for realizing dense coding with Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ) state in linear optical system is proposed.In this protocol,Alice codes on photon 1 and 2 by linear optical element and sents these photons to Bob.Then Bob performs a joint measurement on photons 1,2,and 3 with the GHZ basis by employing two quantum nondemolition detectors(QND) and polarizing beam splitter(PBS).Eight GHZ states can be completely discriminated.According to the outcomes of his measurement,Bob can determine what operation Alice applied.Alice only transmits two photons in this process of the quantum dense coding,but Bob can obtain three bits of classical information.The QND devices are generally based on cross-Kerr nonlinearities,and the cross-Kerr nonlinearities are available with electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).
We propose a multi-bit dense coding scheme by using only an Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen (EPR) channel and assistant qubits. It is shown that no matter how many classical bits there are, the quantum channel is always a Bell state. The present dense coding process can also prepare non-local multi-particle Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states at one of the participants. The quantum circuits for this dense coding process are constructed, the deterministic implementation method in an optical system based on the cross-Kerr nonlinearities is shown.
We propose a multi-bit dense coding scheme by using only an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) channel and assistant qubits.It is shown that no matter how many classical bits there are,the quantum channel is always a Bell state.The present dense coding process can also prepare non-local multi-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states at one of the participants.The quantum circuits for this dense coding process are constructed,the deterministic implementation method in an optical system based on the cross-Kerr nonlinearities is shown.
The scheme for quantum nondemolition measurement of two-photon Bell-state and three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-state is proposed based on weak nonlinearities and linear-optics elements. We first describe a scheme of the symmetry analyzer for two-photon Bell-state by using beam splitters and cross-Kerr nonlinear medium. According to this symmetry analyzer for two-photon Bell-state and the controlled-NOT gates we construct a three-photon state analyzer which can completely and nondestructively discriminate eight three-photon GHZ states.
We consider a situation in which two parties, Alice and Bob, share a 3-qubit system coupled in an initial maximally entangled, GHZ state. By manipulating locally two of the qubits, Alice can prepare any one of the eight 3-qubit GHZ states. Thus the sending of Alice's two qubits to Bob, entails 3 bits of classical information which can be recovered by Bob by means of a measurement distinguishing the eight (orthonormal) GHZ states. This contrasts with the 2-qubit case, in which Alice can prepare any of the four Bell states by acting locally only on one of the qubits.
Dense coding is a new concept of quantum communication using the nonlocal feature of quantum entangled states. Bob, the information receiver, prepares polarization-entangled photon twins and sends one of them to Alice, the information sender, while retaining the other. She can prepare each of the four Bell states by operating an appropriate manipulation only on the transmitted photon and thus she can encode 2 bits of information. To decode the 2 bits, Bob must execute a joint measurement of the returned and retained photons with a Bell-state analyzer, such as a Hong-Ou-Mandel type of two-photon interferometer. The information capacity of the transmitted photon is limited by the number of usable nonlocal quantum states which can be prepared through the local operation on one photon. A question arises as to whether Alice can enhance the capacity or not, by adopting an additional degree of freedom by use of pulse position modulation or optical frequency modulation for the transmitted photon. At a glance, capacity enhancement appears to be possible by introducing another degree of freedom. The question here is, however, whether or not it is possible by manipulating only one of photon twins. In the paper, however, we show that the information capacity in dense coding can be enhanced from the reported 2 bits to 3 bits provided that photon twins have spectral correlation and a perfect Bell state analyzer is available.