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arXiv:1104.1802 · International Journal of Quantum Information

ENTANGLEMENT AND SUPERDENSE CODING WITH LINEAR OPTICS

Mladen Pavičić

Published Oct 1, 2011• 3 citations
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Abstract

We discuss a scheme for a full superdense coding of entangled photon states employing only linear optics elements. By using the mixed basis consisting of four states that are unambiguously distinguishable by a standard and polarizing beam splitters we can deterministically transfer four messages by manipulating just one of the two entangled photons. The sender achieves the determinism of the transfer either by giving up the control over 50% of sent messages (although known to her) or by discarding 33% of incoming photons.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911008222

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We discuss a scheme for a full superdense coding of entangled photon states employing only linear optics elements. By using the mixed basis consisting of four states that are unambiguously distinguishable by a standard and polarizing beam splitters we can deterministically transfer four messages by manipulating just one of the two entangled photons. The sender achieves the determinism of the transfer either by giving up the control over 50% of sent messages (although known to her) or by discarding 33% of incoming photons.
We present a scheme to produce an entangled four-photon W state by using linear optical elements. The symmetrical setup of linear optical elements consists of four beam splitters, four polarization beam splitters, and four mirrors. A photon Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair and two single photons are required as the input modes. The projection on the W state can be made by a four-photon coincidence measurement. Further, we show that by means of a horizontally oriented polarizer in front of one detector, the W state of three photons can be generated.
Two-qubit quantum codes have been suggested to obtain better efficiency and higher loss tolerance in quantum key distribution. Here, we propose a two-qubit quantum key distribution protocol based on a mixed basis consisting of two Bell states and two states from the computational basis. All states can be generated from a single entangled photon pair resource by using local operations on only one auxiliary photon. Compared to other schemes it is also possible to deterministically discriminate all states using linear optics. Additionally, our protocol can be implemented with today's technology. When discussing the security of our protocol we find a much improved resistance against certain attacks as compared to the standard BB84 protocol.
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We propose an optical scheme to perform a complete Bell-state measurement of four entangled displaced states. The principal feature of the scheme is the use of the phase of the displaced photon. The main ingredients of the scheme are the resources of single photons, coherent radiation, and optical linear elements (beam splitters, phase-shifting devices). The optical scheme works with on-off photodetectors that cannot discriminate different numbers of detected photons. This type of measurement is adjusted for dense coding and a communication rate per photon is calculated for one partial case.