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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Off-chip detection of radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna

Shogo Kiryu, Wenxing Zhang, Siyuan Han, S. Deus, James E. Lukens

Published Jun 1, 1997• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna has been measured using an off-chip coupled bolometer. The array oscillator has a distributed array structure with 300 resistively shunted junctions which are placed in the groups of 6 junctions. The array oscillator was fabricated on a Si wafer with a two-arm spiral antenna. The chip was attached to a Si lens with an anti-reflection coating. Rather large power (>100 nW) was detected at a number of array bias voltages V/sub bias/ from 115 mV to 196 mV, which correspond from 185 GHz to 315 GHz. The maximum measured power was 550 nW at V/sub bias/=125 mV (200 GHz).

DOI
10.1109/77.621990

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Journal of Applied Physics•Dec 15, 1996•10 citations
Radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna has been measured using an off-chip coupled bolometer. The array oscillator has a distributed array structure with 300 resistively shunted junctions which are placed in the groups of 6 junctions. The array oscillator was fabricated on a Si wafer with a two-arm spiral antenna. The chip was attached to a Si lens with an anti-reflection coating. Rather large power (>100 nW) was detected at a number of array bias voltages V/sub bias/ from 115 mV to 196 mV, which correspond from 185 GHz to 315 GHz. The maximum measured power was 550 nW at V/sub bias/=125 mV (200 GHz).
Radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna has been coupled out of the dewar through a Teflon window. Both its linewidth and its power have been measured after coupling the radiation through free space into a second dewar. The linewidth has been determined using a SIS mixer with a spiral antenna which was pumped with an 88 GHz phase-locked Gunn oscillator, and also by Josephson mixing of the array itself. The array oscillator has a distributed array structure of 300 resistively shunted junctions which are placed in groups of 6 junctions. It was fabricated on a silicon wafer and has a two-arm spiral antenna. The chip was attached to a silicon lens with an anti-reflection coating. The linewidth of the array oscillator was determined between 158 GHz and 194 GHz, far below its design frequency of 400 GHz. The measured linewidth and power data of the oscillator reveal interesting information about its phaselocking behavior in the operating range far below its design frequency.
All-NbCN flux-flow oscillators (FFO) with tapered slotline antenna (TSA) were fabricated on MgO substrates. A five-step microstrip transformer was used to couple an FFO, which has a low impedance, to a TSA having a high impedance, The microstrip transformer is designed to have a return loss more than 20 dB at the center frequency. We have measured submillimeter wave radiation from the oscillators using an off-chip silicon-composite bolometer. Radiation from a fabricated FFO was detected in a bias voltage range from 1.18 mV to 1.48 mV, which corresponds to a frequency range from 570 GHz to 710 GHz.>
We have investigated the mutual phase interaction between a single detector junction and a phase-locked three-junction array of high-T/sub c/ Josephson junctions. The YBCO Josephson junctions were fabricated on a MgO bicrystal substrate. In the array junction structure, the dc bias current was fed to the junction array having parallel geometry with each pair of junctions shunted by a superconducting coplanar microstrip superconducting loop. The configuration of bias leads was a series connection of interlocking dc SQUIDs geometry which enables all junctions to oscillate at the same frequency. We measured the radiation power of a Josephson-junction array using an off-chip coupled to a radiometer and on-chip coupled to a single junction from centimeter- to millimeter-wave ranges. Clear self-induced Shapiro steps were observed in the current-voltage curves of the detector junction. The power transfered to the single detector junction was estimated from the modulation of Shapiro step height. The maximum detected power level was about 7 nW at frequency 150-250 GHz. The Josephson oscillation power excited the resonant mode coupled to the coplanar microstrip loops.
The voltage response of a thin-film normal-metal hot-electron bolometer based on a SINIS (superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor) structure to the radiation of a high-temperature Josephson junction in the terahertz frequency region was measured. Bolometers were integrated with planar log-periodic and double-dipole antennas, and Josephson junctions were integrated with log-periodic antennas. Measurements showed that the Josephson junction at a temperature of 260 mK was overheated by the transport current, so that its electron temperature exceeded 3 K at a bias voltage of 1 mV. The maximum response of a bolometer with a double-dipole antenna was observed at a frequency of 300 GHz, which agreed well with the calculated value. The Josephson radiation was observed at frequencies up to 1.7 THz. The voltage response of a bolometer reached 4×10 8 V/W, and the total noise-equivalent power reached 1.5×10 −17 W/Hz 1/2 .
Radiation measurements with a double-junction stacked Josephson flux-flow oscillator on-chip coupled to an SIS detector are reported. Impedance matching between the oscillator and the detector has been achieved using a broad band coupling circuit. Radiation power in the detector up to 10 nW has been measured in the frequency range between 170 and 410 GHz. Coherent radiation from two stacked junctions has been observed both at the fundamental Josephson frequency and at its second harmonic. The distribution of the radiation power between first two harmonics allows us to distinguish between mutually coupled in-phase and out-of-phase flux-flow modes in the junctions. Coherent operation of stacked Josephson junction oscillators in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave band is demonstrated.
Radiation measurements with double-junction stacked Josephson flux-flow oscillator on-chip coupled to a superconductor–insulator–superconductor detector are reported. Impedance matching between the oscillator and the detector has been achieved using a broad band coupling circuit. Radiation power in the detector up to 10 nW has been measured in the frequency range between 170 and 410 GHz. Coherent radiation from two stacked junctions has been observed both at the fundamental Josephson frequency and at its second harmonic. The distribution of the radiation power between the first two harmonics allows us to distinguish between mutually coupled in-phase and out-of-phase flux-flow modes in the junctions. Coherent operation of stacked Josephson junction oscillators in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave band is demonstrated.