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International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD)

Numerical and experimental investigation of upconversion in Er doped sol-gel SiO2

Ayodele Oladeji, Polly Louise Arnold, Mohammad I. Ali, A.J. Phillips, Igor V. Sazanovich, Julia A. Weinstein, S. Sujecki

Published Sep 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The upconversion processes in erbium doped sol-gel SiO2are studied. The photoluminescence was measured for selected sol-gel samples and compared with the results of the rate equation model. The results show that the presence of cooperative upconversion processes in erbium doped materials can be easily verified experimentally by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.

DOI
10.1109/nusod.2011.6041159

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The upconversion processes in erbium doped sol-gel SiO2are studied. The photoluminescence was measured for selected sol-gel samples and compared with the results of the rate equation model. The results show that the presence of cooperative upconversion processes in erbium doped materials can be easily verified experimentally by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.
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Erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)efficiency strongly depends on erbium concentration.Highly doped erbium devices show degraded performance when compared with low concentration ones.The mechanism of upconversion is studied and the effect of it on the performance of an EDFA is analyzed numerically,by means of a set of rate equations model.Approximate analytical solutions,for the rate equations,which include the effect of the upconversion,are presented,when the amplified spontaneous emission can be neglected,compared to the pump and signal powers.Results show that the pump and signal powers all bear degradation due to upconversion.,and the effect can't be neglected when the Er3+ concentration is larger than 2.95×1025 m-3.
Spherical SiO2 colloids with two different diameters (175 nm, 340 nm) were doped with erbium at different concentrations. The spheres show sharply peaked photoluminescence centered at 1.535 μm, due to intra-4f transitions in Er3+. From measurements of the Er decay rate for different Er concentrations the decay rate of isolated Er ions (i.e., in absence of concentration quenching) was determined for the two colloid diameters. The data were compared to spontaneous emission rates derived from calculations of the local optical density of states in the colloids. The calculation predicts a large difference in the spontaneous emission rate for both colloid sizes (61 vs 40 s−1), in perfect agreement with the measured data.
Measurements of time evolution of amplified spontaneous emission for square-wave modulated pump were made on a highly erbium-doped silica photonic crystal fiber and fitted to theoretical results calculated using different formalisms to describe theEr3+{\rm Er}^{3+}Er3+-ion migration-assisted co-operative upconversion mechanism in the population densities rate equations. The determined characterization parameters are the constant homogeneous upconversion coefficient, 3.0×10−24 m3/s\times 10^{-24}~{\rm m}^{3}/{\rm s}×10−24 m3/s, the critical radii for upconversion and migration, 10.5 and 14Å, respectively, and the rate of clustered ions, 14%. These parameters are analysed and compared to those obtained with continuous-wave pump characterization techniques. Although similar values are obtainable for many parameters using steady-state and dynamic characterization techniques, if a careful enough modelling is carried out, dynamic techniques are preferable to assess the presence of pair-induced quenching.
We present an extension to our earlier proposed statistical model [Phys. Rev. B 62, 15628 (2002)] for studying migration-assisted homogeneous upconversion in erbium-doped fibers. The extension takes into account minimum proximity distance between erbium ions randomly distributed in the host material and the nonuniformity of the excitation distribution among them. We derive a transcendental equation for the population inversion and find the dependence of the upconversion rate on the population inversion and the pump power for the entire range of feasible Er concentrations. We verify the validity and accuracy of the model by means of time-resolved Monte Carlo simulations.