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Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

Self‐induced transparency in InGaAs quantum dot waveguides

Stephan Schneider, Paola Borri, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, Jens Förstner, A. Knorr, Roman L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, D. Bimberg

Published Aug 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the experimental observation and the theoretical modelling of self-induced transparency signatures such as nonlinear transmission, pulse retardation and reshaping for subpicosecond pulse propagation in a 2 mm-long InGaAs quantum-dot ridge waveguide at 10 K. The measurements were obtained using a cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating technique which allows us to retrieve the field amplitude of the propagating pulses.

DOI
10.1002/pssc.200303228

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arXiv:quant-ph/0204076•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 1, 2002•9 citations
We present the experimental observation and the theoretical modelling of self-induced transparency signatures such as nonlinear transmission, pulse retardation and reshaping for subpicosecond pulse propagation in a 2 mm-long InGaAs quantum-dot ridge waveguide at 10 K. The measurements were obtained using a cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating technique which allows us to retrieve the field amplitude of the propagating pulses.
We report the experimental observation and the theoretical modeling of self-induced-transparency signatures such as nonlinear transmission, pulse retardation and reshaping, for subpicosecond pulse propagation in a 2-mm-long InGaAs quantum-dot ridge waveguide in resonance with the excitonic ground-state transition at 10 K. The measurements were obtained by using a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating technique which allows us to retrieve the field amplitude of the propagating pulses.
We report direct observations of Rabi oscillations and self-induced transparency in a quantum dot optical amplifier operating at room temperature. The experiments make use of pulses whose durations are shorter than the coherence time which are characterized using Cross-Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating. A numerical model which solves the Maxwell and Schrödinger equations and accounts for the inhomogeneously broadened nature of the quantum dot gain medium confirms the experimental results. The model is also used to explain the relationship between the observability of Rabi oscillations, the pulse duration and the homogeneous and inhomogeneous spectral widths of the semiconductor.
A coherent absorption dip in pump-probe experiment performed on a ten layer optically thin InGaAs∕GaAs quantum dot (QD) structure has been observed. Measurements performed for different wavelengths, polarizations, pulse widths, and temperatures allow assigning the dip to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The EIT scheme is based on coupling of excitons with different spins in asymmetric QDs. Using spectrally narrow pulses, detrimental effect of the inhomogeneous broadening is reduced since only the QDs with transitions resonant with the pulse wavelength are addressed and participate in the EIT. The effect has been observed at temperatures up to 140K.
Summary from only given. We measure the dipole moment of InGaAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots by investigating the propagation of femtosecond light pulses interacting resonantly with the ground to excited state transition. The measurement involves coupling light into a waveguide containing quantum dots in the core and time resolving the output. The advantages are increased interaction length with the weakly absorbing quantum dots and observation of the decay of light pulses over successive cavity round trips. The large uncertainty in waveguide coupling efficiency that has hindered the determination of the absolute dipole moment in similar experiments' does not affect our results.
We report on large optical nonlinear effects induced by coherent interactions between excitons and biexcitons in quantum dots. The absorption spectra in an exciton–biexciton system are measured in InGaAs quantum dots by using single dot spectroscopy. The spectra exhibit unusual shapes that have a transparent region under a strong excitation condition. A pump–probe measurement ensures that the exciton state is erased by a quantum interference effect with exciton and biexciton photoabsorption processes. These results suggest that optical functions such as electromagnetically induced transparency are feasible with excitons and biexcitons in quantum dots.
Photonic crystals doped with resonant atoms allow for uniquely advantageous nonlinear modes of optical propagation. The first type of mode is self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons and multidimensional localized “bullets” propagating at photonic-bandgap frequencies. Such modes can exist even at ultraweak intensities (few photons) and therefore differ substantially either from solitons in Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystals or from SIT solitons in uniform media. The second type of mode is cross coupling between pulses exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency and SIT gap solitons. We show that extremely strong correlations (giant cross-phase modulation) can be formed between the two pulses. These features may find applications in high-fidelity classical and quantum optical communications.