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Journal of Modern Optics

Quantum-statistical Properties of a Nonlinear Asymmetric Directional Coupler

Jan Peřina

Published Jul 1, 1995• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive the quantum-statistical properties of light beams in a directional coupler composed of a linear waveguide and a nonlinear waveguide based on second-harmonic generation. This device can exhibit non-classical behaviour in single and compound modes providing squeezed and/or sub-Poissonian light.
DOI
10.1080/09500349514551321

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We examine a contradirectional asymmetric nonlinear coupler composed of a linear waveguide and a nonlinear waveguide operating by second harmonic generation. For this we develop a new consistent approach to quantum contradirectional propagation. Using a short-length approximation or a strong stimulating field in the second harmonic mode, we can demonstrate an effective transfer of non-classical properties of light from nonlinear to linear waveguides analysing quadrature and integrated intensity fluctuations, photon number distribution, reduced factorial moments and uncertainty product. Effects of non-classical behaviour of incident beams and of external noise are involved.
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In this paper we derive the quantum statistical and dynamical properties of nonlinear optical couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by second subharmonic generation, which are coupled linearly through evanescent waves and nonlinearly through non-degenerate optical parametric interaction. Main attention is paid to generation and transmission of non-classical light, based on a discussion of the squeezing phenomenon, the normalized second-order correlation function and quasiprobability distribution functions. Initially coherent, number and thermal states of optical beams are considered. In particular, results are discussed with dependence on the strength of the nonlinear coupling relatively to the linear coupling. We show that if the Fock state |1〉 enters the first waveguide and the vacuume state |0〉 enters the second waveguide, the coupler can serve as a generator of squeezed vacuum state governed by the coupler parameters. Further, if thermal fields enter initially the waveguides the coupler plays a similar role as a microwave Josephson-junction parametric amplifier to generate squeezed thermal light.