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Optics Express

Intensity-tunable group delay using stimulated Raman scattering in silicon slow-light waveguides

Steve Blair, Keke Zheng

Published Jan 1, 2006• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that stimulated Raman scattering is a sufficiently strong effect in silicon waveguides to allow the intensity of a pump input to control the group delay of a weak Stokes-shifted signal. While the fractional change in group delay is minimal in a straight waveguide, microresonator enhancement can produce a fractional increase of 50% with respect to the linear group delay of the resonator.

DOI
10.1364/oe.14.001064

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We show that stimulated Raman scattering is a sufficiently strong effect in silicon waveguides to allow the intensity of a pump input to control the group delay of a weak Stokes-shifted signal. While the fractional change in group delay is minimal in a straight waveguide, microresonator enhancement can produce a fractional increase of 50% with respect to the linear group delay of the resonator.
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Group-velocity mismatch between the pump and Stokes pulses and the inertia of optical nonlinearity are shown to modify scenarios of slow-light evolution of laser pulses accompanying stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering (SRS and SBS) of light. In the transient regime of SRS and SBS, the inertia of nonlinear polarization of a medium shifts the peak of an amplified Stokes field envelope relative to the input Stokes pulse. This shift is sensitive to the shape of input laser pulses and is controlled by the SRS and/or SBS gain, the damping time of the optical phonon wave, and the delay time between the input pump and Stokes pulses. In the regime where both the inertia of nonlinear polarization of an SRS medium and group-delay effects are significant, stationary modes of the Stokes field may exist in the frame of reference propagating with the group velocity of the pump field. The maximum group delay attainable for such modes of the Stokes field is limited, similar to the steady-state regime, by the ratio of the steady-state SRS gain to the Raman gain bandwidth.
We report the first demonstration of group delay tuning with stimulated Raman scattering-induced dispersion in a hydrogen-filled hollow-core optical fiber.A pump laser induces a sharp refractive index change near the S 0 (0) Raman transition of hydrogen molecules, enabling the control of the group velocity of signal pulses around the Stokes wavelength.Experiments with an 80-m-long hollow-core fiber filled with 2.5 bar hydrogen achieved continuous tuning of the pulse delay up to 1.42 ns by varying the Raman amplification from 0 to 10 dB.The tunable pulse delay is realized by changing the pump power as well as the hydrogen pressure.This work provides a new technique for controlling the pulse propagation in optical fibers with high flexibility.
We have demonstrated that stimulated Brillouin scattering can be used to generate all-optical slow-light pulse delays of greater than a pulse length for pulses as short as 16 ns in a single-mode fiber. Since the induced delay is generated for wavelengths detuned from the pump field by the Brillouin frequency, tuning near an electronic resonance of the material is not required and thus delays can be induced at telecommunication wavelengths. This represents a significant improvement over previous demonstrations of slow light in solids and is an important step towards developing an all-optical tunable delay line for telecommunications. In addition, these results strongly suggest that analogous delays can be achieved using stimulated Raman scattering at telecommunication data rates.