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Optics Express

All-optical slow-light on a photonic chip

Yoshitomo Okawachi, Mark A. Foster, Jay E. Sharping, Alexander L. Gaeta, Qianfan Xu, Michal F. Lipson

Published Jan 1, 2006• 167 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate optically tunable delays in a silicon-on-insulator planar waveguide based on slow light induced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Inside an 8-mm-long nanoscale waveguide, we produce a group-index change of 0.15 and generate controllable delays as large as 4 ps for signal pulses as short as 3 ps. The scheme can be implemented at bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz for wavelengths spanning the entire low-loss fiber-optics communications window and thus represents an important step in the development of chip-scale photonics devices that process light with light.

DOI
10.1364/oe.14.002317

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We demonstrate optically tunable delays in a silicon-on-insulator planar waveguide based on slow light induced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Inside an 8-mm-long nanoscale waveguide, we produce a group-index change of 0.15 and generate controllable delays as large as 4 ps for signal pulses as short as 3 ps. The scheme can be implemented at bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz for wavelengths spanning the entire low-loss fiber-optics communications window and thus represents an important step in the development of chip-scale photonics devices that process light with light.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme to generate optically controlled delays based on off-resonant Raman absorption. Dispersion in a transparency window between two neighboring, optically activated Raman absorption lines is used to reduce the group velocity of broadband 765 nm pulses. We implement this approach in a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguide at room temperature, and demonstrate Raman-induced delays of up to 140 fs for a 650-fs duration, 1.8-THz bandwidth, pulse. Our approach should be applicable to single-photon signals, offers wavelength tunability, and is a step toward processing ultrafast photons.
We have demonstrated that stimulated Brillouin scattering can be used to generate all-optical slow-light pulse delays of greater than a pulse length for pulses as short as 16 ns in a single-mode fiber. Since the induced delay is generated for wavelengths detuned from the pump field by the Brillouin frequency, tuning near an electronic resonance of the material is not required and thus delays can be induced at telecommunication wavelengths. This represents a significant improvement over previous demonstrations of slow light in solids and is an important step towards developing an all-optical tunable delay line for telecommunications. In addition, these results strongly suggest that analogous delays can be achieved using stimulated Raman scattering at telecommunication data rates.
We demonstrate a technique for generating tunable all-optical delays in room temperature single-mode optical fibers at telecommunication wavelengths using the stimulated Brillouin scattering process. This technique makes use of the rapid variation of the refractive index that occurs in the vicinity of the Brillouin gain feature. The wavelength at which the induced delay occurs is broadly tunable by controlling the wavelength of the laser pumping the process, and the magnitude of the delay can be tuned continuously by as much as 25 ns by adjusting the intensity of the pump field. The technique can be applied to pulses as short as 15 ns. This scheme represents an important first step towards implementing slow-light techniques for various applications including buffering in telecommunication systems.
We analytically demonstrate the slow down factor enhancement of slow light induced by stimulated Raman scattering in a silicon-on insulator waveguide with a p-i-n Structure. An analytical model is derived for group delay simulation by taking into account of propagation loss and free carrier absorption. It is shown that applying a variable reverse bias voltage to the waveguide decreases the FCA and thus the maximum group delay can be enhanced. Tunable delay time is achievable through applying different bias voltages.
Slow light with a markedly low group velocity is a promising solution for optical buffering and advanced time-domain optical signal processing. It is also anticipated to enhance linear and nonlinear effects and so miniaturize functional photonic devices because slow light compresses optical energy in space. Photonic crystal waveguide devices generate on-chip slow light at room temperature with a wide bandwidth and low dispersion suitable for short pulse transmission. This paper first explains the delay-bandwidth product, fractional delay, and tunability as crucial criteria for buffering capacity of slow light devices. Then the paper describes experimental observations of slow light pulse, exhibiting their record high values. It also demonstrates the nonlinear enhancement based on slow light pulse transmission.