IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS)

All-optical switching and sampling based on a parametric device with type II phase-matching

L. Lefort, Alain Barthélémy

Published Nov 19, 2002• 1 citation

Abstract

We report a new arrangement for all-optical switching that is very simple to implement. It is based on a degenerate parametric amplifier working at low gain level (G=3 to 5 dB) that preserves an on/off ratio close to 40 to 50 dB. It relies on the characteristic features of type II phase-matching in the case of parametric amplification at degeneracy, where a single pump photon breaks into two photons of half energy with crossed linear polarizations. The device has been designed to allow the ultrafast switching of weak light.

DOI: 10.1109/leos.1995.484898

Related papers

Phase-Insensitive, Ultrafast All-Optical Switch Based on Parametric Down-Conversion

Andrey E. Kobyakov, Vladimir Pavlovich Torchigin, Eduard Schmidt +1 more

In a search for all-optical signal processing elements operating at a picosecond time scale nonlinear phenomena in quadratic media, extensively studied since many years in a different context were revisited lately. However, all devices proposed and implemented to date (see [1,2] and Refs, therein) have certain drawbacks complicating their use as all-optical amplifying/switching devices, viz., low amplification because of a strong control signal in intensity-controlled devices, smooth switching characteristics of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and a requirement of fast phase control in phase-sensitive devices [3]. A key requirement of all devices proposed until now is the coherence of pump and signal beams because the χ(2)-process strongly depends on the relative phase. Here we demonstrate that this phase-insensitive amplification/switching can be achieved by a three wave interaction even with reduced pump power requirements. In what follows we focus on the so-called vectorial or type II SHG where two orthogonally polarized fundamental frequency (FF) components A1 and A2 interact with the only second harmonic (SH) wave B polarized parallel to one of the fundamentals [2].

International Conference on Photonics in SwitchingJan 1, 19970 citations

Traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier: investigation of its phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive gain response

Sang-Kyung Choi, Ruo-Ding Li, Chonghoon Kim +1 more

We experimentally investigate the gain response of a frequency-degenerate but polarization-nondegenerate traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier that consists of a type II phase-matched potassium titanyl phosphate crystal pumped by a frequency-doubled Q-switched mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. Both the optical phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive configurations of the parametric amplifier are studied. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theory of an optical parametric amplifier when the Gaussian-beam nature of the various fields is taken into account. In the phase-sensitive configuration a gain of >100 (20 dB) could be easily obtained in the amplified quadrature, which is limited only by the available pump power. Because of gain-induced diffraction and phase fluctuations, however, maximum deamplification in the orthogonal quadrature is limited to <0.5(-3 dB).

Journal of the Optical Society of America BJul 1, 199735 citations

Reduction of quantum noise in optical parametric amplification

Juan Ariel Levenson, Philippe Grangier, Izo I. Abram +1 more

We experimentally demonstrate that a type-II pulsed optical parametric amplifier operated in a phase-insensitive configuration works as a near-perfect classical optical amplifier whose noise figure approaches 3 dB at high gains. We further demonstrate that, when operated in a phase-sensitive configuration, this amplifier works as a quantum-optical amplifier whose noise figure goes below 3 dB and approaches 0 dB at high gains. The noise figure of 1.45 ± 0.2 dB, measured for a gain of 9 dB, is clearly in the quantum regime.

Journal of the Optical Society of America BNov 1, 1993170 citations

Fiber-based phase-sensitive optical amplifiers and their applications

Peter A. Andrekson, Magnus Karlsson

Optical parametric amplifiers rely on second-order susceptibility (three-wave mixing) or third-order susceptibility (four-wave mixing) in a nonlinear process where the energy of incoming photons is not changed (elastic scattering). In the latter case, two pump photons are converted to a signal and to an idler photon. Under certain conditions, related to the phase evolution of the waves involved, this conversion can be very efficient, resulting in large amplification of an input signal. As the nonlinear process can be very fast, all-optical applications aside from pure amplification are also possible. If the amplifier is implemented in an optical input-phase-sensitive manner, it is possible to amplify a signal wave without excess noise, i.e., with a noise figure of 0 dB. In this paper, we will provide the fundamental concepts and theory of such amplifiers, with a focus on their implementation in highly nonlinear optical fibers relying on four-wave mixing. We will discuss the distinctions between phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive operation and include several experimental results to illustrate their capability. Different applications of parametric amplifiers are also discussed, including their use in optical communication links.

Advances in Optics and PhotonicsFeb 20, 2020102 citations

Continuous-wave phase-sensitive parametric image amplification

Sylvain Gigan, L. Lopez, V. Delaubert +3 more

We study experimentally parametric amplification in the continuous regime using a transverse-degenerate type-II Optical Parametric Oscillator operated below threshold. We demonstrate that this device is able to amplify either in the phase insensitive or phase sensitive way first a single mode beam, then a multimode image. Furthermore the total intensities of the amplified image projected on the signal and idler polarizations are shown to be correlated at the quantum level.

arXiv:quant-ph/0502116Journal of Modern OpticsFeb 21, 200619 citations

Using Transverse Optical Patterns For Ultra-Low-Light Optical Switching

Andrew M. C. Dawes

All-optical devices allow improvements in the speed of optical communication and computation systems by avoiding the conversion between the optical and electronic domains. The focus of this thesis is the experimental investigation of a new type of all-optical switch that is based on the control of optical patterns formed by nonlinear interactions between light and matter.\nThe all-optical switch consists of a pair of light beams that counterpropagate through warm rubidium vapor. These beams induce a nonlinear optical instability that gives rise to mirrorless parametric self-oscillation and generates light in the state of polarization that is orthogonal to that of the pump beams. In the far-field, the generated light forms patterns consisting of two or more spots. To characterize this instability, I observe experimentally the amount of generated power and the properties of the generated patterns as a function of pump beam intensity, frequency, and size. Near an atomic resonance, the instability has a very low threshold: with less than 1 mW of total pump power, >3 μW of power is generated.\nTo apply this system to all-optical switching, I observe that the orientation of the generated patterns can be controlled by introducing a symmetry-breaking perturbation to the system. A perturbation in the form of a weak switch beam injected into the nonlinear medium is suitable for controlling the orientation of the generated patterns. The device operates as a switch where each state of the pattern orientation corresponds to a state of the switch, and spatial filtering of the generated pattern defines the output ports of the device. Measurements of the switch response show that it can be actuated by as few as 600 ±40 photons. For a switch beam with 1/e field radius w0 = 185 ± 5μm, 600 ±40 photons correspond to an energy density of 5.4±0.7×10−4 photons/λ2/(2π) which is comparable to the best reported results from all-optical switches. The approach to all-optical switching I report here operates at very low light levels and exhibits cascadability and transistor-like response. Furthermore, the sensitivity is comparable to switches using cold-atom electromagnetically-induced transparency or cavity quantum-electrodynamics techniques, but is achieved with a simpler system, requiring only one optical frequency and occurring in warm atomic vapor.\nI develop a numerical model for the switch that exhibits patterns that rotate in the presence of a weak applied optical field. Results from this model, and from my experiment, show that the switch response time increases as the input power decreases. I propose that this increase is due to critical slowing down. Mapping the pattern orientation to a simple one-dimensional system shows that critical slowing down may account for the observed increase in response time at low input power. The ultimate performance of the device is likely limited by critical slowing down and I conclude that the minimum number of photons capable of actuating the switch is between 400 and 600 photons.\nMy approach to all-optical switching is simple, extremely sensitive and exhibits many of the properties necessary for use as an optical logic element. Additionally, this work has implications for a wide range of pattern forming systems, both in the field of optics and beyond, that may be applicable as novel devices for sensitive measurement and detection.

Jan 1, 20080 citations