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arXiv:quant-ph/0502116 · Journal of Modern Optics

Continuous-wave phase-sensitive parametric image amplification

Sylvain Gigan, L. Lopez, V. Delaubert, Nicolas Treps, Claude Fabre, Agnès Maître

Published Feb 21, 2006• 19 citations
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Abstract

We study experimentally parametric amplification in the continuous regime using a transverse-degenerate type-II Optical Parametric Oscillator operated below threshold. We demonstrate that this device is able to amplify either in the phase insensitive or phase sensitive way first a single mode beam, then a multimode image. Furthermore the total intensities of the amplified image projected on the signal and idler polarizations are shown to be correlated at the quantum level.

DOI
10.1080/09500340500331364

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We study experimentally parametric amplification in the continuous regime using a transverse-degenerate type-II Optical Parametric Oscillator operated below threshold. We demonstrate that this device is able to amplify either in the phase insensitive or phase sensitive way first a single mode beam, then a multimode image. Furthermore the total intensities of the amplified image projected on the signal and idler polarizations are shown to be correlated at the quantum level.
We have experimentally shown that a degenerate optical parametric oscillator pumped by a cw laser, inserted in a cavity having degenerate transverse modes such as a hemiconfocal or confocal cavity, and operating below the oscillation threshold in the regime of phase sensitive amplification, is able to process input images of various shapes in the quantum regime. More precisely, when deamplified, the image is amplitude squeezed; when amplified, its two polarization components are intensity correlated at the quantum level. In addition, the amplification process of the images is shown to take place in the noiseless regime.
In this paper, experimental evidence of cw amplification of images in the quantum regime, using a phase sensitive optical parametric amplification operating inside transverse degenerate cavities. Injecting various images (mismatched Gaussian modes and double slits of different orientations) at the input of the device, showed that the output image was amplitude squeezed by 30% in the regime of deamplification of a type II frequency-degenerate OPO operating below threshold in a semi-confocal cavity, when the polarization of the input image is at 45deg from the crystal axes. The authors showed also that, in the regime of amplification, the two polarization components along the signal and idler axes had quantum correlated intensity fluctuations (intensity difference fluctuations measured at 30% below the standard quantum noise level).
In the presence of a nonzero idler beam or, equivalently, in the collinear degenerate configuration, optical parametric amplification (OPA) can be phase sensitive. When the photon deamplification mode is selected in the OPA process, amplification of the optical phase occurs instead of the usual amplification of photon number. We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the operation of a spatially multimodal optical parametric amplifier in the phase-sensitive mode can result in a significant redistribution of spatial frequencies and near-ideal beam angle amplification. A numerical model is presented for phase-sensitive parametric amplification via three-wave mixing. The model is applied to monochromatic beams and finite beam apertures. The sensitivity of gain to the incident phase, noncollinear angle, and aperture size is studied in particular. Simple conditions are derived for the operation of the optical parametric amplifier in the phase-sensitive mode. Potential applications of the concept are discussed.
In the experiment presented, a transverse multimode OPO pumped either below or above threshold in order to observe spatial quantum properties are realized. In the continuous variable regime, transverse quantum effects (spatial correlations, spatial squeezing or noiseless amplification of images), are predicted be observable in such OPO/OPA. The key point in this experiment is the use of transverse degenerate cavities, having a non negligible spatial bandwidth, and allowing the resonance of many transverse modes.