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IEEE AFRICON

Generation and detection of hyperpolarized xenon

Zdeněk Buchta, Jan Rychnovský, Zenon Starčuk, Josef Lazar

Published Sep 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the experimental results of generation and of detection of hyperpolarized xenon obtained by 4.7 T, 200 MHz magnetic resonance (MR) system. Xenon 129 was hyperpolarized by the spin-exchange with Rubidium pumped first by Ti:Sa laser and also by extended cavity laser system based on a high-power laser diode optimized for maximum efficiency of the optical pumping process. The application of the arrangement with semiconductor laser system is oriented medicine, especially to continuous production of hyperpolarized Xenon (HpXe) which serves as an contrast media in MR imaging systems.

DOI
10.1109/afrcon.2007.4401452

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We present the experimental results of generation and of detection of hyperpolarized xenon obtained by 4.7 T, 200 MHz magnetic resonance (MR) system. Xenon 129 was hyperpolarized by the spin-exchange with Rubidium pumped first by Ti:Sa laser and also by extended cavity laser system based on a high-power laser diode optimized for maximum efficiency of the optical pumping process. The application of the arrangement with semiconductor laser system is oriented medicine, especially to continuous production of hyperpolarized Xenon (HpXe) which serves as an contrast media in MR imaging systems.
This paper shows the possibility of the use of a solid-state alexandrite laser as a radiation source for the method of spin-exchange optical pumping of noble gases (xenon, krypton). The use of dispersive optical elements in the laser cavity will allows the adjusting of the radiation wavelength exactly in the rubidium spectral absorption lines 794.7 nm and 780 nm. To obtain a hyperpolarized state of noble gases, it is necessary to excite rubidium atoms for further spin-exchange process with the noble gas nuclei. This fact will allow the increasing of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast in the field of diagnosis of respiratory organs diseases.
We present the experimental results of hyperpolarized 129Xe spectral line amplitude obtained by 4.7 T NMR system and high power semiconductor laser with reduced emission linewidth. The hyperpolarization process was based on the spin exchange collision technique between 129Xe atoms and optically pumped Rb atoms. The amplification of the 129Xe spectral line amplitude about 400 times was achieved. Furthermore, the influence of the optical pumping duration to the 129Xe spectral line amplitude was surveyed.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe finds numerous applications in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The production of hyperpolarized 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe by spin-exchange optical pumping is therefore an important experimental issue. We model the three-dimensional transport processes within a so-called batch mode pump cell via numerical finite element method simulations and compare the results with experimental data. In particular, the influence of different experimental parameters, such as temperature, xenon and nitrogen partial pressure, laser power, and radius-to-length ratio of a cylindrical pump cell, is evaluated. The developed numerical method is capable of describing the spin-exchange optical pumping process in a realistic manner.
We present the experimental results of hyperpolarized 129Xe spectral line amplitude obtained by 4.7 T NMR system and high power semiconductor laser with reduced emission linewidth. The hyperpolarization process was based on the spin exchange collision technique between 129Xe atoms and optically pumped Rb atoms. The amplification of the 129Xe spectral line amplitude about 400 times was achieved. Furthermore, the influence of the optical pumping duration to the 129Xe spectral line amplitude was surveyed.
We present a constructed setup for polarizing 129 Xe noble gas. Hyperpolarized 129 Xe has been obtained via spin exchange with an optically pumped rubidium vapor. Optical pumping is based on polarizing the valence electron of rubidium by the resonant absorption of a circularly polarized laser light. The magnetic field of 30 G was used for obtaining 129 Xe polarization. The apparatus for detecting polarization is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The highest 129 Xe polarization of 54% has been obtained using 60 W circularly polarized laser light with wavelength of 794.7 nm. The measured longitudinal relaxation time of the hyperpolarized 129 Xe was 72.3 minutes.
Recently the demand for hyperpolarized noble gases is arising to improve NMR spectroscopy resolution for imaging. Hyperpolarization of noble gases is achieved by spin- exchange with alkali metal. atoms that undergo optical pumping by circularly polarized radiation. Optical pumping is usually achieved by high power semiconductor lasers. These sources have a bandwidth very large when compared with the transition bandwidth of the optically active species. This has two serious consequences: (i) the request of high power lasers, (ii) the losses that the unemployed energy delivered to the Rb vapor can provide in the efficiency of the energy transfer. Object of our investigation will be the comparison of two experimental set ups for optical pumping of Rb vapor where pumping is given in one case by a dye laser pumped by a UV nitrogen laser built in our laboratory according to the Blumlein scheme and in the other case by a semiconductor laser. Major elements that will be discussed are (1) the role of stimulated emission of Rb vapor to increase the pumping efficiency, (2) the fate of resonant photons that are emitted during Rb decays, (3) the role of applied magnetic fields in the efficiency of pumping processes.