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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Application of a thin silica fiber to quantum optics: atom trapping with a subwavelength diameter optical fiber

K. Hakuta, V. I. Balykin, Fam Le Kien, J.Q. Liang, M. Morinaga

Published Nov 8, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we propose and examine a scheme of trapping and guiding of atoms by a free standing configuration that is based on the interaction between neutral atoms and an optical potential plus the van der Waals potential around a very thin silica fiber with a subwavelength diameter.
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2004.1338741

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We suggest using an evanescent wave around a thin fiber to trap atoms. We show that the gradient force of a red-detuned evanescent-wave field in the fundamental mode of a silica fiber can balance the centrifugal force when the fiber diameter is about two times smaller than the wavelength of the light and the component of the angular momentum of the atoms along the fiber axis is in an appropriate range. As an example, the system should be realizable for cesium atoms at a temperature of less than 0.29mK0.29\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}0.29mK using a silica fiber with a radius of $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and a $1.3\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-wavelength light with a power of about 27mW27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}27mW.
We suggest using a two-color evanescent light field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber to trap and guide atoms. The optical fiber carries a red-detuned light and a blue-detuned light, with both modes far from resonance. When both input light fields are circularly polarized, a set of trapping minima of the total potential in the transverse plane is formed as a ring around the fiber. This design allows confinement of atoms to a cylindrical shell around the fiber. When one or both of the input light fields are linearly polarized, the total potential has two local minimum points in the transverse plane. This design allows confinement of atoms to two straight lines parallel to the fiber axis. Due to the small thickness of the fiber, we can use far-off-resonance fields with substantially differing evanescent decay lengths to produce a net potential with a large depth, a large coherence time, and a large trap lifetime. For example, a 0.2-\ensuremath{\mu}m-radius silica fiber carrying 30 mW of 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m-wavelength light and 29 mW of 700-nm-wavelength light, both fields circularly polarized at the input, gives for cesium atoms a trap depth of 2.9 mK, a coherence time of 32 ms, and a recoil-heating-limited trap lifetime of 541 s.