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Optical Nanofibers for Manipulating Atoms and Photons

K. Hakuta

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

We show how subwavelength-diameter silica-fibers, “optical nanofibers”, can open new perspectives for manipulating atoms and photons. We explore atom/photon interaction around a nanofiber using laser-cooled Cs-atoms. Spontaneous emission, single-atom trapping, and electro magnetically-induced transparency are discussed.
DOI
10.1364/sl.2007.swa5

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We discuss how subwavelength-diameter silica-fibers, "optical nanofibers", can open new perspectives for manipulating atoms and photons. We explore atom/photon interaction around a nanofiber using laser-cooled Cs-atoms. We show that single atoms on a nanofiber can work as an optically dense medium which may give a novel work medium for slow light through an optical fiber. Basic characteristics for single atoms on a nanofiber; spontaneous emission, single-atom trapping, photoabsorption, and quantum interference, are discussed.
Abstract We discuss how optical nanofibers, subwavelength-diameter fibers, can open new perspectives in quantum optical technologies theoretically and experimentally. Discussions are mainly focused on the manipulation of spontaneous emission for atoms around the nanofiber. We show that photons from single quantum emitters can be efficiently channeled into guided modes of the nanofiber. Especially by fabricating a cavity structure of the nanofiber, the channeling efficiency can be improved to exceed 80% although the cavity finesse is moderate. We discuss also how to realize such a nanofiber cavity experimentally.
Tapered optical fiber with subwavelength diameter waist, an optical nanofiber, provides a unique and versatile platform for manipulating atoms and photons. In the guided modes of the nanofibers, the optical field can be tightly confined in the transverse direction while enabling strong interaction with the surrounding medium in the evanescent region. Combining laser-cooled atoms with nanofibers has enabled surprising quantum optics experiments, e.g. the efficient channeling of emission from single atoms into the fiber-guided modes, spectroscopy of near-surface atoms, high optical depth with an array of atoms optically trapped around the nanofiber, atomic memories and Bragg reflectors for fiber-guided photons, chiral light-matter interaction etc. In addition, using moderate longitudinal confinement in nanofiber cavities has enabled strong coupling between a single atom and fiber-guided photons. In this article, I review some of the key experimental demonstrations on the “atom+nanofiber” platform.