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Journal of Modern Optics

Two-photon Resonance Dichroism in Caesium Vapours

S.T. Yezekian, S.A. Michaelian, K.B. Petrossian, K. Pokhsrarian

Published Nov 1, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Caesium vapours are shown to become dichroic when the conditions for two-photon resonance excitation are created for the 6S1/2–7S1/2 transition. The observed phenomenon may be explained by the dependence of two-photon resonance absorption on the beam polarization in accordance with the selection rules for transitions between the magnetic sub-levels of 6S1/2 and 7S1/2 states.

DOI
10.1080/09500348814552001

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Caesium vapours are shown to become dichroic when the conditions for two-photon resonance excitation are created for the 6S1/2–7S1/2 transition. The observed phenomenon may be explained by the dependence of two-photon resonance absorption on the beam polarization in accordance with the selection rules for transitions between the magnetic sub-levels of 6S1/2 and 7S1/2 states.
We have observed the direct single-photon electric dipole excitation of the 7 2S1/2 state of cesium, by exciting the 6 2S1/2 ground state in an external d. c. electric field of 10 to 1 000 V/cm with a single-mode, c. w., tunable dye laser. The resonance was detected by monitoring the decay fluorescence from the excited state. We verified the selection rules obeyed by the hyperfine transitions which depend on the relative orientation of the linear polarization of the beam with respect to the field. When they are orthogonal, the line pattern reflects the existence of a spin-dependent part of the polarizability induced by spin-orbit effects, the size of which was measured with respect to that of the scalar part. Results in very weak fields show that the oscillator strength of the 6S-7S transition is smaller than 2 x 10-13.
Sub-Doppler resonances in caesium vapours are studied in a laser field produced by counterpropagating two-frequency light beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarisations. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the D1 line, the frequency difference of the field spectral components being equal to the hyperfine ground-state splitting in the Cs atom (≈9.2 GHz). It has already been shown that in this configuration, the hypercontrast effect can be observed for sub-Doppler resonances, which makes this configuration promising for the employment in newgeneration miniature optical frequency standards. In the present work, two different two-frequency configurations are compared with each other and with the single-frequency configuration widely used in practice for observing saturated absorption resonances. The parameters of nonlinear resonances are measured at various temperatures of caesium vapours and at different optical field intensities. The results of the investigations performed make it possible to find an optimal two-frequency scheme for exciting nonlinear resonances and to estimate a potential of the scheme for its applications in quantum metrology.
Abstract Sub-Doppler resonances in caesium vapours are studied in a laser field produced by counterpropagating two-frequency light beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarisations. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the D1 line, the frequency difference of the field spectral components being equal to the hyperfine ground-state splitting in the Cs atom (∼9.2 GHz). It has already been shown that in this configuration, the hypercontrast effect can be observed for sub-Doppler resonances, which makes this configuration promising for the employment in new-generation miniature optical frequency standards. In the present work, two different two-frequency configurations are compared with each other and with the single-frequency configuration widely used in practice for observing saturated absorption resonances. The parameters of nonlinear resonances are measured at various temperatures of caesium vapours and at different optical field intensities. The results of the investigations performed make it possible to find an optimal two-frequency scheme for exciting nonlinear resonances and to estimate a potential of the scheme for its applications in quantum metrology.
We report here the first observation and measurement of the transition magnetic moment for a strongly forbidden S-S transition of an alkali atom. By using single-photon excitation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 caesium transition in a quasi-static electric field, we have detected an electronic polarization of the excited state, specific to an interference effect occurring in mixed electric magnetic dipole transitions. Our measurements, independent of the vapour density, indicate that the magnetic dipole amplitude M 1 has the same size as the electric dipole amplitude E1 , induced by an electric field, parallel to the light wave polarization, and equal to 2.62 ± 0.21 V/cm. We also obtain the relative sign of M 1 and E1. Using a theoretical value of E 1 and a well-defined phase convention, we deduce for the magnetic moment of the transition < 7S, 1/ 2 | μ z | 6S, 1/ 2 > = - (4.24 ± 0.34) 10-5 |μB|, in good agreement with a theoretical estimate. This result can also be expressed in terms of the oscillator strength in zero electric field f6S-7S = 4.05 × 10-15, or of the single-photon M1 decay rate Γ 7S-6S = 0.93 x 10-6 s-1.
The two-photon excitation of cold 7 Li atoms at the 2 S –120 S transition is studied with variable polarization of one of the two counter-propagating optical beams. The maximum efficiency of the two-photon transfer of atoms from the ground state 2 S to the Rydberg state 120 S can be reached when the circular polarizations of the beams are orthogonal. In this case the selection rules Δ L = 0 are satisfied. By using a rotating quarter-wave plate it is possible to vary the polarization of the selected optical beam and change the amplitude of the two-photon resonance. The recorded dependence of the two-photon resonance on the beam polarization is discussed. The obtained results can be used to compensate the unwanted variations of the beam polarization after reflections from mirrors.