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Journal de Physique Lettres

Observation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 single-photon transition of cesium induced by an external d. c. electric field

Marie-Anne Bouchiat, L. Pottier

Published Jan 1, 1975• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed the direct single-photon electric dipole excitation of the 7 2S1/2 state of cesium, by exciting the 6 2S1/2 ground state in an external d. c. electric field of 10 to 1 000 V/cm with a single-mode, c. w., tunable dye laser. The resonance was detected by monitoring the decay fluorescence from the excited state. We verified the selection rules obeyed by the hyperfine transitions which depend on the relative orientation of the linear polarization of the beam with respect to the field. When they are orthogonal, the line pattern reflects the existence of a spin-dependent part of the polarizability induced by spin-orbit effects, the size of which was measured with respect to that of the scalar part. Results in very weak fields show that the oscillator strength of the 6S-7S transition is smaller than 2 x 10-13.

DOI
10.1051/jphyslet:01975003607-8018900

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Electric-field modification of two-photon, two-color, quadrupole-dipole depolarization spectra in atomic Cs

B. V. Dobrydnev, Mark D. Havey

An earlier study of the 6s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}$ levels into the ground 6s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$ multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Nov 1, 1996•2 citations
We have observed the direct single-photon electric dipole excitation of the 7 2S1/2 state of cesium, by exciting the 6 2S1/2 ground state in an external d. c. electric field of 10 to 1 000 V/cm with a single-mode, c. w., tunable dye laser. The resonance was detected by monitoring the decay fluorescence from the excited state. We verified the selection rules obeyed by the hyperfine transitions which depend on the relative orientation of the linear polarization of the beam with respect to the field. When they are orthogonal, the line pattern reflects the existence of a spin-dependent part of the polarizability induced by spin-orbit effects, the size of which was measured with respect to that of the scalar part. Results in very weak fields show that the oscillator strength of the 6S-7S transition is smaller than 2 x 10-13.
We report here the first observation and measurement of the transition magnetic moment for a strongly forbidden S-S transition of an alkali atom. By using single-photon excitation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 caesium transition in a quasi-static electric field, we have detected an electronic polarization of the excited state, specific to an interference effect occurring in mixed electric magnetic dipole transitions. Our measurements, independent of the vapour density, indicate that the magnetic dipole amplitude M 1 has the same size as the electric dipole amplitude E1 , induced by an electric field, parallel to the light wave polarization, and equal to 2.62 ± 0.21 V/cm. We also obtain the relative sign of M 1 and E1. Using a theoretical value of E 1 and a well-defined phase convention, we deduce for the magnetic moment of the transition < 7S, 1/ 2 | μ z | 6S, 1/ 2 > = - (4.24 ± 0.34) 10-5 |μB|, in good agreement with a theoretical estimate. This result can also be expressed in terms of the oscillator strength in zero electric field f6S-7S = 4.05 × 10-15, or of the single-photon M1 decay rate Γ 7S-6S = 0.93 x 10-6 s-1.
We discuss experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Crossings of mF magnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with &Dgr;mF = ±2 lead to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence, while crossings with &Dgr;mF = ±1 lead to resonances in the circularly polarized laser induced fluorescence. These resonances can be exploited to observe alignment to orientation conversion. From the level crossing signals it is possible to measure atomic properties, such as the tensor polarizability &agr;2 and the hyperfine constant A. Alignment to orientation conversion involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum.
We present experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Coherent excitation of mFmagnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with DeltamF= plusmn2 leads to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence (LIF), while coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels with DeltamF= plusmn1 leads to alignment to orientation conversion (AOC). From the resonance signals we were able to measure atomic constants, such as the hyperfine constant A and the tensor polarizability alpha2(Auzinsh et al., 2006). AOC involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum and is of interest as a background in certain types of experiments that search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron.
We demonstrate the single-photon Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2ground state to nP3/2(n = 70-100) Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319-nm ultra-violet laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the reduction of fluorescence signal of the MOT as partial population on 6S1/2(F = 4) ground state are transferred to Rydberg state. We clearly observe Autler-Townes doublet in the trap-loss spectra due to the cooling lights. Utilizing the large electric polarizibility of Rydberg atoms, we observe Stark splitting in the Autler-Townes doublet induced by background DC electric fields. We investigate the dependence of Stark shift on electric fields by theoretical analysis, and then infer the DC electric field from the measured Stark splitting. We find that there is a 44.8(4) mV/cm DC electric field in the vicinity of the cold ensemble. It indicates that high-lying Rydberg atoms can be used as sensors for DC electric fields.
Abstract We have observed the Autler–Townes (AT) effect in single- and suspected double-photon magnetic-dipole transitions in the Cesium ground-state magnetic-sublevel manifold. Experiments were performed in a Cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The D1 line was excited by laser radiation to create ground-state optical polarization, and transitions between the ground-state magnetic sublevels were excited by radio-frequency (RF) radiation. Two different excitation geometries were studied: in one case the electric field vector of the linearly polarized laser radiation was parallel to the static magnetic field, whereas in the other case these vectors were perpendicular. The oscillating magnetic field produced by the RF coils was in the plane perpendicular to the electric field vector of the laser radiation. The AT effect was confirmed by its linear dependence on the RF magnetic field amplitude, which is proportional to the Rabi frequency, in the case of single-photon transitions. With increasing RF power we also observed peaks that by their position appeared to correspond to double and even triple photon transitions, which were more pronounced when the DC magnetic field and optical electric field vectors were perpendicular. In the peak at an energy that corresponds to two photons, splitting with a quadratic dependence on the RF magnetic field amplitude could be observed. The experimental measurements are supplemented by theoretical calculations of a model J = 1 ⟶ J = 0 system.
An earlier study of the 6s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}Dj​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Pj{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}Pj​ levels into the ground 6s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}Dj​ multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.