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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Coherent effects in Cs (nD) states in the presence of an external electric field

Marcis P. Auzinsh, Kristaps Bluss, R. Ferber, F. Gahbauer, Andrey Jarmola, M. Tamanis, Marianna S. Safronova, Marianna S. Safronova

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Coherent excitation of mFmagnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with DeltamF= plusmn2 leads to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence (LIF), while coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels with DeltamF= plusmn1 leads to alignment to orientation conversion (AOC). From the resonance signals we were able to measure atomic constants, such as the hyperfine constant A and the tensor polarizability alpha2(Auzinsh et al., 2006). AOC involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum and is of interest as a background in certain types of experiments that search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386808

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We present experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Coherent excitation of mFmagnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with DeltamF= plusmn2 leads to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence (LIF), while coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels with DeltamF= plusmn1 leads to alignment to orientation conversion (AOC). From the resonance signals we were able to measure atomic constants, such as the hyperfine constant A and the tensor polarizability alpha2(Auzinsh et al., 2006). AOC involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum and is of interest as a background in certain types of experiments that search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron.
We discuss experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Crossings of mF magnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with &Dgr;mF = ±2 lead to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence, while crossings with &Dgr;mF = ±1 lead to resonances in the circularly polarized laser induced fluorescence. These resonances can be exploited to observe alignment to orientation conversion. From the level crossing signals it is possible to measure atomic properties, such as the tensor polarizability &agr;2 and the hyperfine constant A. Alignment to orientation conversion involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum.
We present a detailed theoretical model and experimentally measured signals of alignment to orientation conversion (AOC) in the 7D3/2 and 9D3/2 states of cesium atoms in the presence of an external dc electric field [1]. Alignment produced by linearly polarized light can be converted into orientation by the quadratic Stark effect in an electric field if the angle between the electric field and the polarization vector of the exciting radiation is neither 0 or 90 degrees and if there are magnetic sublevels with Δm = ±1 that cross as the electric field is scanned. The appearance of orientation is verified by the appearance of a net circular polarization in the laser induced fluorescence. The theoretical model is based on the optical Bloch equation and extends models previously developed to solve the rate equations for Zeeman coherences in single-step [2] and double step laser excitation [3] of atoms. The agreement between the simulated and measured signals is excellent.
We report the experimental observation of alignment to orientation conversion in the 7D3/2 and 9D3/2 states of Cs in the presence of an external dc electric field and without the influence of magnetic fields or atomic collisions. Initial alignment of angular momentum states was created by two-step excitation with linearly polarized laser radiation. The appearance of transverse orientation of angular momentum was confirmed by the observation of circularly polarized light. We present experimentally measured signals and compare them with the results of a detailed theoretical model based on the optical Bloch equations. The effect is odd under time reversal and should be taken into account in ever more sensitive searches for an electron electric dipole moment.
We investigated experimentally and theoretically angular momentum alignment-to-orientation conversion created by the joint interaction of laser radiation and an external magnetic field with atomic rubidium at room temperature. In particular, we were interested in alignment-to-orientation conversion in the atomic ground state. In the experiment the laser frequency was fixed to the hyperfine transitions of the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of rubidium. To simulate the measured signals we used a theoretical model that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine levels, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. The experiments were carried out by exciting the atoms with linearly polarized laser radiation. Two orthogonal circularly polarized laser induced fluorescence (LIF) components were detected and afterward their difference was taken. The combined LIF signals originating from the hyperfine magnetic sublevel transitions of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb rubidium isotopes were included. The alignment-to-orientation conversion can be incontrovertibly identified in the difference signals for various laser frequencies, and a change in signal shapes can be observed when the laser power density is increased. We studied the formation of and the underlying physical processes behind the observed signals of the LIF components and their difference by performing an analysis of the influence of incoherent and coherent effects. We performed simulations of theoretical signals that showed the influence of ground-state coherent effects on the LIF difference signal.
In this study we explored the angular momentum alignment-to-orientation conversion occurring in various alkali metals -- K, Rb, Cs. We used a theoretical model that is based on Optical Bloch equations and uses the density matrix formalism. Our model includes the interaction of all neighboring hyperfine levels, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. Additionally we simulated signals where the ground- or the excited-state coherent processes were switched off allowing us to determine the origins of obtained signals. We also performed experiments on Cs atoms with two laser beams: linearly polarised Cs D1 pump and circularly polarized Cs D2 probe. We used the pump beam to create angular momentum alignment in the ground state and observed the transmission signal of the probe beam as we changed the magnetic field. Full analysis of the experimentally obtained transmission signal from a single circularly polarized probe laser component is provided.
We studied alignment-to-orientation conversion caused by excited-state level crossings in a nonzero magnetic field of both atomic rubidium isotopes. Experimental measurements were performed on the transitions of the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of rubidium. These measured signals were described by a theoretical model that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine transitions, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. In the experiments, laser-induced fluorescence components were observed at linearly polarized excitation and their difference was taken afterwards. By observing the two oppositely circularly polarized components, we were able to see structures not visible in the difference graphs, which give deeper insight into the processes responsible for these signals. We studied how these signals are dependent on intensity and how they are affected when the exciting laser is tuned to different hyperfine transitions. The comparison between experiment and theory was carried out fulfilling the nonlinear absorption conditions. The theoretical curves described the experimental measurements satisfactorily, reproducing even small features in the shapes of the curves.