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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Two-dimensional sub-wavelength atom localization in an electromagnetically induced transparency atomic system

Jianchun Wu, Bao-quan Ai

Published Jun 30, 2014• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for high-precision two-dimensional (2D) sub-wavelength atom localization in a tripod-type atomic system. The position information of a moving atom can be obtained by measuring the probe field absorption when the atom interacts with a weak probe field and two orthogonal standing-wave fields. It is found that sub-wavelength atom localization can be obtained under the condition of two-photon resonance. Remarkably, the localization precision can be significantly improved by changing the strength of the coherent coupling fields in the presence of superposition of coherent coupling field and standing-wave field.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/107/14002

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We propose a scheme for high-precision two-dimensional (2D) sub-wavelength atom localization in a tripod-type atomic system. The position information of a moving atom can be obtained by measuring the probe field absorption when the atom interacts with a weak probe field and two orthogonal standing-wave fields. It is found that sub-wavelength atom localization can be obtained under the condition of two-photon resonance. Remarkably, the localization precision can be significantly improved by changing the strength of the coherent coupling fields in the presence of superposition of coherent coupling field and standing-wave field.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional atom localization based on the coherent controlled absorption and gain of a weak probe field in a four-level double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} system, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom passing through the standing waves can be directly determined by measuring the resulting absorption and gain spectra. The phase-sensitive property of the atomic system significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, we can achieve sub-half-wavelength atom localization with high precision. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can be 100% when a photon with certain frequency is absorbed or amplified. Numerical calculations and qualitative analyses show that the enhancement of precision in the position measurement of the atom is attributed to the interference between the one-photon excitation and the phase-dependent three-photon excitation from the closed interacting contour in the laser-driven atomic system.
A scheme for realizing two-dimensional atom localization in the sub-wavelength domain is proposed in a microwave-driven five-level hyper inverted-Y atomic system in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field, two control fields together with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be extracted directly from the absorption and gain spectra of a weak probe field. It has been found that the probe detuning, the intensities of two control fields, and the relative phase of the driving fields can significantly improve the localization precision. Moreover, the maximal probability of finding the atom at an expected position in the sub-wavelength domain of the standing-wave field can reach unity via properly adjusting the system parameters.
A scheme of two-dimensional atom localization based on a coherence-controlled absorption spectrum in an N -tripod-type five-level system is proposed, in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field and three standing-wave fields. Position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that the localization properties are significantly improved due to the interaction of dark resonances. It is also shown that the localization factors depend strongly on the system parameters that lead to such spatial structures of localization as chain-like, wave-like, '8'-like, spike-like, crater-like and heart-like patterns. By properly adjusting the system parameters, we can achieve a high-precision and high-resolution atom localization under certain conditions.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength atom localization is proposed, in which the atom is in a four-level tripod configuration and driven by two orthogonal standing-wave lasers. Because of the spatial dependence of atom-field interaction, the spontaneously emitted photon carries information about the position of the atom in standing-wave fields. We exploit this fact to 2D atom localization conditioned on the measurement of spontaneously emitted photon at a particular frequency, and obtain a high precision and resolution in the position probability distribution. Moreover, an improvement by a factor of 2 in the detecting probability of an atom can be achieved by initially preparing the atom in the coherent population trapping state. Qualitatively, the high-precision, high-resolution atom localization can be attributed to the quantum interference effect between competitive multiple spontaneous decay channels.
A scheme is proposed to achieve one-dimensional localization of a two-level atom moving through a standing wave regime constructed by two classical standing-wave fields. Precise position information of the atom can be obtained by measuring resonant absorption of a weak coherent field probing the transition strongly driven by the resonant standing-wave fields. Behavior of atomic localization has been shown for symmetric superposition of the standing-wave fields arranged in two distinct configurations: (i) parallel and (ii) cross. In the cross-configuration, we have shown 100% detection probability of the atom within one wavelength range with the evolution of single localization peak in the sub-half-wavelength range due to the variation of spatial phase shift of one of the standing-wave fields. In case of nonresonant coupling of the atom with the standing-wave fields, a single localization peak in the sub-half-wavelength range can be obtained by changing the relative detuning of frequency of the probe field. For achieving high resolution single-peak localization of a two-level atom, the present scheme would be of great interest from the experimental point of view.
The behavior of two-dimensional (2D) atom localization is explored by monitoring the probe absorption in a microwave-driven four-level atomic medium under the action of two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Because of the position-dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained via the absorption measurement of the weak probe field. It is found that the localization behavior is significantly improved due to the joint quantum interference induced by the standing-wave and microwave-driven fields. Most importantly, the atom can be localized at a particular position and the maximal probability of finding the atom in one period of the standing-wave fields reaches unity by properly adjusting the system parameters. The proposed scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.