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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Saturation Effect on the Lineshape of Faraday Rotation Spectrum in Krypton

Daisuke Miyakoshi, M. Aoyama, Takehisa Tohei, Arimichi Minoh, Motowo Tsukakoshi

Published Dec 1, 1997• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Faraday rotation spectra were observed at 810.4 nm of the 5s 12–5p 22 transition in atomic krypton using a single mode diode laser. The lineshapes at the resonance were changed largely with laser intensity. At a low laser intensity the lineshape is a normal form of the differential of a dispersion curve. As the laser intensity increases, a Gaussian curve appears, overlapping the normal curve. At a sufficiently high laser intensity, the Gaussian component dominates the latter. The spectral change is ascribed to the development of optical and Zeeman coherence.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.36.7379

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The Faraday rotation spectra were observed at 810.4 nm of the 5s 12–5p 22 transition in atomic krypton using a single mode diode laser. The lineshapes at the resonance were changed largely with laser intensity. At a low laser intensity the lineshape is a normal form of the differential of a dispersion curve. As the laser intensity increases, a Gaussian curve appears, overlapping the normal curve. At a sufficiently high laser intensity, the Gaussian component dominates the latter. The spectral change is ascribed to the development of optical and Zeeman coherence.
The Faraday rotation spectra in the Rabi regime were studied in krypton to investigate the behavior of a Zeeman coherence effect. At a laser intensity of 2.5 mW and a magnetic field of 3.4 mT, we determined a single-peaked line profile having a Gaussian form. Using the density matrix formalism, we have obtained an analytical form for the line shape and compared it with the observed ones. It is found that the line profile at a low magnetic field is mainly the contribution of the Zeeman coherence effect.
The authors have observed dramatic changes in both the magnitude and the lineshape of Faraday rotation on an allowed E1 transition in Sm I (4f 6 6s 2 7 F 0 -4f 6 6s6p 7 G 1 ) as a function of laser intensity and buffer-gas pressure. The effect is ascribed to the development of optical and Zeeman coherences and a theoretical treatment, based on the solution of steady-state density matrix equations is given. Effects of optical pumping on the odd isotopes 147 Sm and 149 Sm, both with I=7/2, are also considered.
The Faraday effect in potassium vapor pumped by nanosecond pulses of near resonant laser radiation is studied experimentally. The input radiation with linewidth 3 cm-1 had a central frequency vp equals 13055 cm-1 which was 12 cm-1 higher than 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 atomic transition frequency v0 equals 13043 cm-1. The strong spectral broadening of pump radiation allowed to observe the Faraday rotation at frequencies v+/- 1 equals v0 +/- 2.5 cm-1 located closer to the atomic resonance where the rotation was high. The decrease of Faraday rotation from 150 degree(s) to 20 degree(s) with the increase of the intensity of pump radiation from 2 (DOT) 105 to 107 W/cm2 has been measured. The saturation of 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 transition is considered as a cause of suppression of Faraday rotation. The contributions of one photon resonance absorption, as well as of multiphoton processes, caused by more intense off resonant part of the broadened pump radiation (having frequency detuning 12 cm-1), to saturation of resonant transition is discussed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations performed.
New results demonstrating the dramatic changes to the form and magnitude of the resonant Faraday rotation with laser intensity, buffer gas pressure and magnetic field strength are presented for the transitions 4f 6 6s 2 7 F 0 -4f 6 6s6p 5 D 1 at 621 nm and 4f 6 6s 2 7 F 1 -4f 6 6s6p 5 D 0 at 654 nm. For both transitions, exact analytical solutions to the steady-state density matrix equations are possible and have been used. The experimental results show good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. In the case of the 654 nm line Zeeman coherence occurs in the ground state and can be achieved at lower laser intensities than for the 621 nm line under comparable conditions.
An experiment on nonlinear laser spectroscopy and magneto-optics at the Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory at Berkeley is described. The experiment consists of three parts. In the first part, students learn to operate a diode laser system and characterize its performance using a Fabry–Perot spectrum analyzer. In the second part, Doppler-broadened laser-induced fluorescence and Doppler-free saturated absorption spectra of the rubidium D2 line (780 nm) are recorded and analyzed. Finally, in the third part of the experiment, which we describe in greater detail, the near-resonant magneto-optical rotation is investigated. Nonlinear light-atom interaction leads to spectacular manifestations of the resonant Faraday effect—polarization plane rotation in a magnetic field applied along the direction of light propagation radically different from the linear case. In particular, narrow (∼30 Hz) effective line widths are observed in this experiment corresponding to a rotation enhancement by some seven orders of magnitude compared to the linear Faraday rotation.
The simultaneous action of a RF perturbation between the Zeeman sublevels of an atomic transition, which is also sustaining laser oscillations, is given further consideration. General equations are derived that describe the phenomena in a rotating effective magnetic field basis. These are valid for any level of the RF perturbation, being then solved by iteration to third order in the laser electric field and integrated exactly over the atomic velocity distribution. Results are given for single-π-mode laser operation on aJ = 1 \rightarrow 0transition and for single-mode operation on each of the well-resolved σ components of the Zeeman splitting. The extension to more complex transitions, such as aJ = 1 \rightarrow 2, is then given. A dominant resonance peak in the laser intensity occurs when the RF equals the Zeeman splitting of either the upper or lower states of the transition. Population differences amongst the upper sublevels are more effective than those between the lower sublevels and give the smallest resonance widths. For operation on the σ modes, the main effect is a reduction in the saturation coefficient β, together with smaller changes in the coupling coefficients θ between the oscillations. Such changes will affect the general behavior near the singular points of the nonlinear equations, and will change the shape of the curves of mode intensities as functions of cavity detuning and magnetic field.