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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Contribution of Zeeman Coherence in the Nonlinear Faraday Rotation Spectrum

Yuuji Katashiba, Hiroyuki Masuda, Tetsuya Ohuchi, Arimichi Minoh, Motowo Tsukakoshi

Published Jun 15, 2003• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Faraday rotation spectra in the Rabi regime were studied in krypton to investigate the behavior of a Zeeman coherence effect. At a laser intensity of 2.5 mW and a magnetic field of 3.4 mT, we determined a single-peaked line profile having a Gaussian form. Using the density matrix formalism, we have obtained an analytical form for the line shape and compared it with the observed ones. It is found that the line profile at a low magnetic field is mainly the contribution of the Zeeman coherence effect.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.42.3469

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The Faraday rotation spectra in the Rabi regime were studied in krypton to investigate the behavior of a Zeeman coherence effect. At a laser intensity of 2.5 mW and a magnetic field of 3.4 mT, we determined a single-peaked line profile having a Gaussian form. Using the density matrix formalism, we have obtained an analytical form for the line shape and compared it with the observed ones. It is found that the line profile at a low magnetic field is mainly the contribution of the Zeeman coherence effect.
The Faraday rotation spectra were observed at 810.4 nm of the 5s 12–5p 22 transition in atomic krypton using a single mode diode laser. The lineshapes at the resonance were changed largely with laser intensity. At a low laser intensity the lineshape is a normal form of the differential of a dispersion curve. As the laser intensity increases, a Gaussian curve appears, overlapping the normal curve. At a sufficiently high laser intensity, the Gaussian component dominates the latter. The spectral change is ascribed to the development of optical and Zeeman coherence.
New results demonstrating the dramatic changes to the form and magnitude of the resonant Faraday rotation with laser intensity, buffer gas pressure and magnetic field strength are presented for the transitions 4f 6 6s 2 7 F 0 -4f 6 6s6p 5 D 1 at 621 nm and 4f 6 6s 2 7 F 1 -4f 6 6s6p 5 D 0 at 654 nm. For both transitions, exact analytical solutions to the steady-state density matrix equations are possible and have been used. The experimental results show good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. In the case of the 654 nm line Zeeman coherence occurs in the ground state and can be achieved at lower laser intensities than for the 621 nm line under comparable conditions.
The authors have observed dramatic changes in both the magnitude and the lineshape of Faraday rotation on an allowed E1 transition in Sm I (4f 6 6s 2 7 F 0 -4f 6 6s6p 7 G 1 ) as a function of laser intensity and buffer-gas pressure. The effect is ascribed to the development of optical and Zeeman coherences and a theoretical treatment, based on the solution of steady-state density matrix equations is given. Effects of optical pumping on the odd isotopes 147 Sm and 149 Sm, both with I=7/2, are also considered.
We have measured non-linear Faraday effects for dark and bright long-lived Zeeman coherences in the D2 resonance line of 85Rb, for linearly polarized input laser light. Zeeman coherence in the bright state show enhanced nonlinear effects, larger values for the angle of polarization rotation and higher rates of the polarization rotation, similar to recent results for higher refractive index and dispersion in the bright state of Cs 1. Dark and bright states also show different dependence of both polarization rotation angle and of polarization rate on the laser intensity, while the resonance width for both states varies similarly with the laser intensity. We show small enhancement of such non-linear effects when the laser beam diameter increases from 1 mm to 5 mm. Ellipticity of transmitted laser beam vary strongly for amplitudes of the external magnetic field smaller then 50 mG, but the maximum value of the ellipticity remains below &pgr;/300.
An experiment on nonlinear laser spectroscopy and magneto-optics at the Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory at Berkeley is described. The experiment consists of three parts. In the first part, students learn to operate a diode laser system and characterize its performance using a Fabry–Perot spectrum analyzer. In the second part, Doppler-broadened laser-induced fluorescence and Doppler-free saturated absorption spectra of the rubidium D2 line (780 nm) are recorded and analyzed. Finally, in the third part of the experiment, which we describe in greater detail, the near-resonant magneto-optical rotation is investigated. Nonlinear light-atom interaction leads to spectacular manifestations of the resonant Faraday effect—polarization plane rotation in a magnetic field applied along the direction of light propagation radically different from the linear case. In particular, narrow (∼30 Hz) effective line widths are observed in this experiment corresponding to a rotation enhancement by some seven orders of magnitude compared to the linear Faraday rotation.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) due to Zeeman coherences in the Rb buffer gas cell is studied for different laser beam profiles, laser beam radii and intensities from 0.1 to 10 mW cm −2 . EIT line shapes can be approximated by the Lorentzian for wide Gaussian laser beam (6.5 mm in diameter) if laser intensity is weak and for a Π laser beam profile of the same diameter. Line shapes of EIT become non-Lorentzian for the Gaussian laser beam if it is narrow (1.3 mm in diameter) or if it has a higher intensity. EIT amplitudes and linewidths, for both laser beam profiles of the same diameter, have very similar behaviour regarding laser intensity and Rb cell temperature. EIT amplitudes are maximal at a certain laser beam intensity and this intensity is higher for narrower laser beams. The EIT linewidth estimated at zero laser intensity is about 50 nT or 0.7 kHz, which refers to 1.5 ms relaxation times of Zeeman coherences in 87 Rb atoms in our buffer gas cell. Blocking of the centre of the wide Gaussian laser beam in front of the photo detector yields Lorentzian profiles with a much better contrast to the linewidth ratio for EIT at higher intensities, above ∼2 mW cm −2 .