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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Influence of radiation intensity on resonant Faraday rotation in potassium vapor

R. Kh. Drampyan, M. E. Movsesyan

Published Dec 28, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Faraday effect in potassium vapor pumped by nanosecond pulses of near resonant laser radiation is studied experimentally. The input radiation with linewidth 3 cm-1 had a central frequency vp equals 13055 cm-1 which was 12 cm-1 higher than 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 atomic transition frequency v0 equals 13043 cm-1. The strong spectral broadening of pump radiation allowed to observe the Faraday rotation at frequencies v+/- 1 equals v0 +/- 2.5 cm-1 located closer to the atomic resonance where the rotation was high. The decrease of Faraday rotation from 150 degree(s) to 20 degree(s) with the increase of the intensity of pump radiation from 2 (DOT) 105 to 107 W/cm2 has been measured. The saturation of 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 transition is considered as a cause of suppression of Faraday rotation. The contributions of one photon resonance absorption, as well as of multiphoton processes, caused by more intense off resonant part of the broadened pump radiation (having frequency detuning 12 cm-1), to saturation of resonant transition is discussed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations performed.

DOI
10.1117/12.375287

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The Faraday effect in potassium vapor pumped by nanosecond pulses of near resonant laser radiation is studied experimentally. The input radiation with linewidth 3 cm-1 had a central frequency vp equals 13055 cm-1 which was 12 cm-1 higher than 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 atomic transition frequency v0 equals 13043 cm-1. The strong spectral broadening of pump radiation allowed to observe the Faraday rotation at frequencies v+/- 1 equals v0 +/- 2.5 cm-1 located closer to the atomic resonance where the rotation was high. The decrease of Faraday rotation from 150 degree(s) to 20 degree(s) with the increase of the intensity of pump radiation from 2 (DOT) 105 to 107 W/cm2 has been measured. The saturation of 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 transition is considered as a cause of suppression of Faraday rotation. The contributions of one photon resonance absorption, as well as of multiphoton processes, caused by more intense off resonant part of the broadened pump radiation (having frequency detuning 12 cm-1), to saturation of resonant transition is discussed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations performed.
An experimental investigation was made of the broadening of the D lines and of the two-photon absorption line (4S1/2–6S1/2) of potassium vapor subjected to ruby laser radiation. A dye laser beam was used as a probe and this made it possible to record simultaneously all three absorption lines. The measurements were carried out for different polarizations and geometries of the exciting and probe radiations. The observed broadening was attributed to the high-frequency Stark effect in the strong field of the incident wave.
Results of a numerical study of the Faraday effect arising upon propagation of the light beams with the frequencies ω L1 (resonant to the nS 1/2-nP 1/2, 3/2 transitions) and ω L2 (resonant to the nP 1/2, 3/2-(n+2)S 1/2 transitions) through alkali-metal vapors are presented. Characteristics of the magneto-optical rotation spectra at each of the frequencies are strongly affected by the second intense radiation field resonant to the adjacent transition. When the atoms interact with two strong light waves, resonant to adjacent transitions, and with a magnetic field, the shape of the Faraday rotation spectra depends on the energy shifts of the atomic states that arise due to the dynamic Stark effect and the Zeeman effect (the Paschen-Back or an intermediate-type effect), as well as due to the difference of populations of these states caused by the interaction of the atoms with the fields. The results obtained show that in the frequency selection method, based on the resonance Faraday effect, the frequency of the generated narrow-band beam can be tuned by the intensity of the strong wave, resonant to the transition between the excited states.
The saturation of the population of transitions can cause the shift of electronic levels of an atomic shell in addition to the Stark effect. Experimental results obtained for atomic potassium vapor and demonstrating a shift of the 4 P (1/2) electronic level upon the saturation of the 4 S (1/2)-4 P (3/2) transition in the presence of the field of a nearly resonant laser pumping are discussed. The processes under study are clearly interpreted based on the classical model of the Lorentz harmonic oscillator, supplemented with data regarding the multiphoton bleaching of the medium in the spectral range under study.
A theoretical analysis is made of the nonlinear (in respect of the radiation intensity) rotation of the plane of polarization occuring in an atomic medium subjected to a static magnetic field near one-photon (two-level atoms) and two-photon (three-level atoms) resonances. A study is also made of the influence of a strong monochromatic pump wave on the propagation of a weak nonmonochromatic wave. The wave functions and quasienergies are calculated for a three-level system in static magnetic and monochromatic electromagnetic fields near a two-photon resonance. It is shown that the Verdet constant and the refractive index of such a system depend on the magnitude and relative sign of the frequency detuning from resonance. Proximity to a two-photon resonance destroys the polarizability of a medium for either sign of the detuning.
When an atomic vapor interacts with an intense nearly resonant laser field, the ac Stark effect causes a profound modification of the weak-field absorption spectrum. Two of the induced spectral features can lead to amplification of a weak probe wave. We have previously measured in atomic sodium vapor high probe-wave gain (G = 38) due to the three-photon effect and a somewhat lower gain (G = 4) when the probe wave is detuned from the pump laser frequency by the inverse of the atomic response time.1 We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the energy coupling between two intense laser fields of comparable intensity through their interaction with an atomic vapor. In our experiments, a tunable alexandrite laser provides microsecond laser pulses of the required intensity that are nearly resonant with the 4s → 4p transition in potassium. We observed large energy transfer (50%) between the two waves at the nearly degenerate resonance and measured the intensity dependence of the coupling efficiency. Theoretical modeling of the interaction is based on a continued-fraction solution of the density-matrix equations of motion.
Laser Generation without Population Inversion in the Red Wing of the D1{D}_{1}D1​-Line of Alkali Metal Atoms under Resonant Diode Pumping
A new method of laser radiation generation without population inversion in the red wing of the D1D_{1}D1​ -line of alkali metal atoms under resonant absorption of broadband radiation of pump laser diodes at the D1D_{1}D1​ transition is studied theoretically. The appearance of laser generation is caused by the fact that the probability of stimulated emission in the red wing of the spectral line exceeds the probability of absorption if homogeneous broadening due to interaction between active particles and the buffer gas significantly exceeds the natural broadening (under high pressures of the buffer gas). Analytical formulas representing the operation of a transversely diode-pumped alkali metal vapor laser are obtained. It is found that cesium atoms are the most promising object for observation of laser generation without population inversion in the red wing of the D1D_{1}D1​ -line of alkali metal atoms. In a sufficiently long active medium (the length of the medium is 50 times its width), the efficiency of pumping radiation conversion into laser radiation can reach 57% at a buffer gas pressure of 5 atm, a pump diode radiation intensity of 5 kW/cm 2{}^{2}2 , and a half-width of its spectrum of 1 cm −1{}^{-1}−1 . The laser radiation frequency can be tuned by several tens of cm −1{}^{-1}−1 .