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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Broadening of spectral absorption lines of atomic potassium under the action of laser radiation

Zh. O. Ninoyan, S O Sapondzhyan, G. S. Sarkisyan

Published Aug 31, 1984• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of the broadening of the D lines and of the two-photon absorption line (4S1/2–6S1/2) of potassium vapor subjected to ruby laser radiation. A dye laser beam was used as a probe and this made it possible to record simultaneously all three absorption lines. The measurements were carried out for different polarizations and geometries of the exciting and probe radiations. The observed broadening was attributed to the high-frequency Stark effect in the strong field of the incident wave.

DOI
10.1070/qe1984v014n08abeh005352

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An experimental investigation was made of the broadening of the D lines and of the two-photon absorption line (4S1/2–6S1/2) of potassium vapor subjected to ruby laser radiation. A dye laser beam was used as a probe and this made it possible to record simultaneously all three absorption lines. The measurements were carried out for different polarizations and geometries of the exciting and probe radiations. The observed broadening was attributed to the high-frequency Stark effect in the strong field of the incident wave.
An experimental investigation was made of the spectral and energy characteristics of the radiation emitted by a dye laser with a ring resonator containing an absorbing medium (potassium vapor) in which an anisotropy was induced by a strong external optical wave. Narrowing of the dye output radiation to about 10???2 nm and locking of the emission spectrum to one- and two-photon absorption lines of the potassium vapor were observed. An investigation was made of the locking efficiency for different polarizations of the strong wave.
When an atomic vapor interacts with an intense nearly resonant laser field, the ac Stark effect causes a profound modification of the weak-field absorption spectrum. Two of the induced spectral features can lead to amplification of a weak probe wave. We have previously measured in atomic sodium vapor high probe-wave gain (G = 38) due to the three-photon effect and a somewhat lower gain (G = 4) when the probe wave is detuned from the pump laser frequency by the inverse of the atomic response time.1 We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the energy coupling between two intense laser fields of comparable intensity through their interaction with an atomic vapor. In our experiments, a tunable alexandrite laser provides microsecond laser pulses of the required intensity that are nearly resonant with the 4s → 4p transition in potassium. We observed large energy transfer (50%) between the two waves at the nearly degenerate resonance and measured the intensity dependence of the coupling efficiency. Theoretical modeling of the interaction is based on a continued-fraction solution of the density-matrix equations of motion.
The Faraday effect in potassium vapor pumped by nanosecond pulses of near resonant laser radiation is studied experimentally. The input radiation with linewidth 3 cm-1 had a central frequency vp equals 13055 cm-1 which was 12 cm-1 higher than 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 atomic transition frequency v0 equals 13043 cm-1. The strong spectral broadening of pump radiation allowed to observe the Faraday rotation at frequencies v+/- 1 equals v0 +/- 2.5 cm-1 located closer to the atomic resonance where the rotation was high. The decrease of Faraday rotation from 150 degree(s) to 20 degree(s) with the increase of the intensity of pump radiation from 2 (DOT) 105 to 107 W/cm2 has been measured. The saturation of 4S1/2 - 4P3/2 transition is considered as a cause of suppression of Faraday rotation. The contributions of one photon resonance absorption, as well as of multiphoton processes, caused by more intense off resonant part of the broadened pump radiation (having frequency detuning 12 cm-1), to saturation of resonant transition is discussed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations performed.
Abstract\nWe investigate the emissions of atomic potassium excited by two photons near the 4S1/2-6S1/2 transition. Radiation near the 6S1/2-4P3/2, 1/2 and 4P3/2, 1/2-4S1/2 transitions are studied for the unidirectional and the bidirectional cases respectively. It is shown that the total output intensity increases considerably for the bidirectional propagation. This is attributed to the effective increase of the Doppler free excitation and the cancellation of the quantum interference effect that is associated with the multiple paths of excitation of certain states. Keywords. Counter-propagating beams, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper Raman scattering (SHRS), parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM).
An investigation was made of the infrared emission spectra of potassium vapor illuminated with giant ruby laser pulses and with the Stokes component of the stimulated Raman scattering of these pulses in nitrobenzene. These emission spectra were recorded after conversion to visible light in a nonlinear crystal. It was found that the dependences of the intensities, widths, and shifts of the infrared lines on the vapor pressure of potassium had extrema. The broadening and shift were induced by the field. The results obtained indicated a considerable importance of six-photon parametric processes in the emission of infrared potassium lines.
The review systematizes the experimental material and reports the fundamental theoretical results on the study of nonlinear resonance effects in spectra of atomic systems situated in the radiation field of lasers. The theoretical part explains the topics of greatest importance and significance for understanding of the experimental studies: the Stark effect in an optical field; the nonequilibrium velocity distribution of the atoms; the shape of the spectral line for a transition adjacent to a transition combining with a strong field; the simultaneous manifestation of the Stark effect and of Doppler broadening in the form of a very sharp structure on the line contour; a brief mention of the influence of collisions, recoil, and other factors on the sharp structure in spectra. The experimental part reports the results of experiments on the observation of the Stark effect in the optical region of the spectrum, the fine structure of the profile of a Doppler-broadened line and its properties, namely the dependence on the observation direction, the anisotropy in the field of a standing wave, the polarization properties, etc. in spectra of spontaneous or stimulated emission, absorption, and generation.