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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Quantum dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a shape-invariant potential

A N F Aleixo, A. B. Balantekin

Published Sep 21, 2005• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a shape-invariant potential is investigated. Shape-invariant potentials share an integrability condition called shape invariance which identifies an underlying algebraic structure, in general infinite dimensional, that transforms the potential parameters such as strength, range and diffuseness. We determine the time-evolution operator, the density operator of the system, and obtain the temporal behaviour of various dynamical variables by considering either pure or mixed initial states of the system, constructed with the generalized coherent state of the shape-invariant coupling potential. We consider specific examples of shape-invariant coupling potentials (harmonic oscillator, Pöschl–Teller and self-similar potentials). The results obtained for all dynamical variables exhibit rapid oscillations which periodically collapse and regenerate in different ways depending on the coupling potential nature.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/38/40/009

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The quantum dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a shape-invariant potential is investigated. Shape-invariant potentials share an integrability condition called shape invariance which identifies an underlying algebraic structure, in general infinite dimensional, that transforms the potential parameters such as strength, range and diffuseness. We determine the time-evolution operator, the density operator of the system, and obtain the temporal behaviour of various dynamical variables by considering either pure or mixed initial states of the system, constructed with the generalized coherent state of the shape-invariant coupling potential. We consider specific examples of shape-invariant coupling potentials (harmonic oscillator, Pöschl–Teller and self-similar potentials). The results obtained for all dynamical variables exhibit rapid oscillations which periodically collapse and regenerate in different ways depending on the coupling potential nature.
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Generalized coherent states for shape invariant potentials are constructed using an algebraic approach based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We show this generalized formalism is able to: a) supply the essential requirements necessary to establish a connection between classical and quantum formulations of a given system (continuity of labeling, resolution of unity, temporal stability, and action identity); b) reproduce results already known for shape-invariant systems, like harmonic oscillator, double anharmonic, Poschl-Teller and self-similar potentials and; c) point to a formalism that provides an unified description of the different kind of coherent states for quantum systems.
Generalized coherent states for shape invariant potentials are constructed using an algebraic approach based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We show this generalized formalism is able to: a) supply the essential requirements necessary to establish a connection between classical and quantum formulations of a given system (continuity of labeling, resolution of unity, temporal stability, and action identity); b) reproduce results already known for shape-invariant systems, like harmonic oscillator, double anharmonic, Poschl-Teller and self-similar potentials and; c) point to a formalism that provides an unified description of the different kind of coherent states for quantum systems.
Algebraic approach to the integrability condition called shape invariance is briefly reviewed. Various applications of shape-invariance available in the literature are listed. A class of shape-invariant bound-state problems which represent two-level systems are examined. These generalize the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. Coherent states associated with shape-invariant systems are discussed. For the case of quantum harmonic oscillator the decomposition of identity for these coherent states is given. This decomposition of identity utilizes Ramanujan's integral extension of the beta function.
Generalized coherent states for primary shape invariant potential systems quantum deformed by different models are constructed using an algebraic approach based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We show that this generalized formalism is able (a) to supply the essential requirements necessary to establish a connection between classical and quantum formulations of a given system, (b) to reproduce, as particular cases, results already known for shape-invariant systems (such as standard harmonic oscillator and Pöschl–Teller potentials as well as quantum deformed harmonic oscillator models) and (c) point to a formalism that provides a unified description of the different kind of coherent states for quantum systems, deformed or not deformed.
By using the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants theory, we investigate the quantum dynamics of a two-dimensional (2D) time-dependent coupled oscillator. We introduce a unitary transformation and show the conditions under which the invariant operator is uncoupled to describe two simple harmonic oscillators with time-independent frequencies and unit masses. The decouplement allows us to easily obtain the corresponding eigenstates. The generalization to three-dimensional (3D) time-dependent coupled oscillator is briefly discussed where a diagonalized invariant, which is exactly the sum of three simple harmonic oscillators, is obtained under specific conditions on the parameters.