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Optics Letters

Cavity-linewidth narrowing by means of electromagnetically induced transparency

Hai Wang, David J. Goorskey, W. H. Burkett, Min Xiao

Published Dec 1, 2000• 132 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cavity-linewidth narrowing in a ring cavity that is due to the high dispersion and reduced absorption produced by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium-atom vapor has been experimentally observed. The cavity linewidth with rubidium atoms under EIT conditions can be significantly narrowed. Cavity-linewidth narrowing was measured as a function of coupling beam power.

DOI
10.1364/ol.25.001732

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Physical Review A•Jan 14, 2000•15 citations
Cavity-linewidth narrowing in a ring cavity that is due to the high dispersion and reduced absorption produced by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium-atom vapor has been experimentally observed. The cavity linewidth with rubidium atoms under EIT conditions can be significantly narrowed. Cavity-linewidth narrowing was measured as a function of coupling beam power.
A detailed experimental investigation is made in the intracavity V-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the Rb atomic medium at room temperature. The optical pumping effect will increase the transparency for the V-type EIT at room temperature and therefore the cavity linewidth can be narrowed apparently. For the seven EITs observed in our previous study, cavity linewidth narrowing is observed in all of them. More importantly, we find that the cavity linewidth can keep at 1.2 MHz over a wide frequency range of 100 MHz by utilizing the central double-peak-structure EIT. This property provides a novel way for constructing a high resolution tunable frequency reference via the intracavity EIT.
Atomic media inside an optical cavity can significantly alter the spectral response of the cavity. Both theoretical and experimental examinations are made of the cavity transmission with a highly dispersive intracavity multilevel atomic medium. It is found, owing to the reduced absorption and steep dispersion change accompanying electromagnetically induced transparency in such a multi-level atomic medium, that the cavity linewidth can be made much narrower than the empty cavity linewidth. Cavity linewidth narrowing is measured as a function of both the coupling beam power and the atomic density. These experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
We report an experimental observation of the variation in linewidth of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a three-level ?-type system for several laser bandwidths in a Rb vapor cell, with and without a buffer gas. It is found, using narrow bandwidth (about 20 kHz) diode laser for both coupling and probe beams, that the linewidth of the EIT resonance can be significantly narrowed in the Rb vapor cell with the buffer gas. The results are in good qualitative agreement with a simple theoretical calculation.
Linear absorption and dispersion properties, as well as Kerr nonlinear index, of three-level atomic systems can be greatly modified under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By placing such EIT atoms in a vapor cell inside an optical ring cavity, the cavity transmission spectrum can be altered and controlled. We show that the cavity transmission linewidth can be narrowed substantially comparing to the empty cavity linewidth due to the sharp normal (linear) dispersion associated with the EIT resonance (which can be considered as photons traveling with a slower speed inside the optical cavity). On the other hand, the Kerr nonlinear dispersion has the opposite slope comparing to the linear dispersion near the EIT resonance, which can be used to balance the linear dispersion and lead to total anomalous dispersion for the intracavity atomic medium (with ``superluminal photon speed'' inside the optical cavity). Such anomalous dispersion in the intracavity medium makes the cavity transmission linewidth broader than the empty cavity linewidth. Under certain parameters, the so called ``white-light cavity'' condition can be satisfied, which makes the cavity transmission linewidth very broad and, at the same time, have high cavity transmission. Such modified and controlled cavity transmission linewidths can have many interesting applications in frequency locking, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, nonlinear optical spectroscopy, cavity-QED, and even recycling cavity of the gravitational-wave detector.
Steady-state dynamics of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom in a ring cavity driven by two coherent fields are studied for arbitrary detunings, arbitrary incoherent pumping, and coherent driving intensities. Effects of both cavity and effective atom number on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are pointed out. New physical pictures for cavity EIT are given in terms of collective cooperative coefficients and dispersion experienced by the probe. In the regime of smaller collective cooperative coefficients, an absorption-gain profile is reduced to that of a general EIT estimated by the imaginary part of a corresponding dipole moment, and its transparency window is directly proportional to power broadening, if the total Rabi frequency is large enough. But in the region of larger collective cooperative coefficients which means a dense atomic medium, longer optical path, or high-Q cavity, EIT is determined not only by the imaginary part but also by the real part of the corresponding dipole moment, which results in the possibility of observing an EIT central peak with a subnatural width, while there may be nearly no power broadening.