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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

PPLN-Based Flexible Optical Logic and Gate

Jian Wang, Junqiang Sun, Qizhen Sun, Dalin Wang, Xinliang Zhang, Dexiu Huang, M. M. Fejer

Published Jan 14, 2008• 65 citations
Publisher

Abstract

All-optical flexible 20-Gb/s logic and gate based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical analyses further indicate that 40-, 80-, and 160-Gb/s ultrahigh-speed logic and operations can potentially be performed. Moreover, it is expected that the and output can be tuned in a wide wavelength range (67 nm) with slight fluctuation of the Q-factor and extinction ratio.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2007.913227

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All-optical flexible 20-Gb/s logic and gate based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical analyses further indicate that 40-, 80-, and 160-Gb/s ultrahigh-speed logic and operations can potentially be performed. Moreover, it is expected that the and output can be tuned in a wide wavelength range (67 nm) with slight fluctuation of the Q-factor and extinction ratio.
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The principle of all-optical wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (SFG+DFG) in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is introduced. The conversion efficiency of the wavelength converter is calculated. The influences of the powers and span of two pumps on the conversion efficiency are analyzed. Bandwidth of one pump wavelength is discussed. The tuning is about 0.5 nm. The signal pulse width is compressed about 0.68 times.
For the single-pass and double-pass wavelength converters based on cascaded sum and difference frequency generation in quasi-phase matched lithium niobate waveguide, we present the criteria for a choice of the waveguide length and the assignment of pump powers to achieve the desired efficiency, ripple and bandwidth with a large pump wavelength difference of 75 nm. It is found that using the double-pass structure with a 95% reflectivity for the sum frequency wave, the mean efficiency is increased at least 5 dB compared to that of the single-pass one with the same length and input pump powers and the bandwidth is large enough to cover the entire conventional telecommunications C-band and long-wavelength L-band. To flatten the excessive response fluctuation of the double-pass scheme, we propose tuning one of the pumps to longer wavelengths incurring a small penalty of a slight reduction in the mean efficiency which can be compensated by increasing the input pump powers. We also show that to achieve the same amount of flatness, double-pass converters have a smaller efficiency penalty compared to the single-pass converters.