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Journal of Modern Optics

Recoil-induced resonances for optical switching

K. Gordon, S. A. DeSavage, D. Duncan, George R. Welch, J.P. Davis, Frank A. Narducci

Published Nov 10, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated recoil-induced resonances in laser-cooled atoms for the purpose of developing an optical switch. In contrast to our earlier experiments Citation8, we employ a system in which the trapping beams are left on during the course of the measurement. We not only find the expected narrow resonance but also a much wider resonance. The widths of the wide and narrow resonances differ by three orders of magnitude. In addition, the two resonances show different temporal dynamics. We explore the utility of each resonance as an optical switch.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2010.522259

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We have investigated recoil-induced resonances in laser-cooled atoms for the purpose of developing an optical switch. In contrast to our earlier experiments Citation8, we employ a system in which the trapping beams are left on during the course of the measurement. We not only find the expected narrow resonance but also a much wider resonance. The widths of the wide and narrow resonances differ by three orders of magnitude. In addition, the two resonances show different temporal dynamics. We explore the utility of each resonance as an optical switch.
This work focuses on fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of relativistic beam physics, recoil, and cooling phenomena in atomic and ion beams and traps, emphasizing coherence and collective effects. The physics of atomic laser and free electron laser, and the development of a bridge between them through the mechanism of the so-called recoil induced gain mechanism, is also examined, as are the links between relativistic beam physics and atomic laser physics. Topics include: laser cooling of trapped ions; optical lattices; spatio-temporal instabilities in optical systems; coherence in atom optics; coherent population trapping; two-level gain and collective recoil-induced effects; high-gain free electron laser - theory, experiments and projects; cooling of ion beams in a storage ring; and experiments on dense laser-cooled stored ion beams.
We demonstrate a method to directly observe the dynamics of motion of cold atoms in an optical standing wave using a recoil-induced resonance. By detecting a transient response of this resonance, we observed the interaction between an atomic population grating and a periodic optical potential. Using this method, we investigated the lifetime of the atomic grating under various conditions in the optical potential. As a result, we obtained the appropriate conditions for the long lifetime and observed the narrowest linewidth in the recoil-induced resonance corresponding to the atomic temperature of 4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \ensuremath{\mu}K for 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms.
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the absorption spectrum of a probe beam after transmission through a one-dimensional optical molasses obtained with circularly cross-polarized counterpropagating pump beams (corkscrew molasses). The study is performed for a Jg{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{g}}Jg​=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Je{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{e}}Je​=2 atomic transition and the external degrees of freedom are described by means of a Fokker-Planck equation in the regime where the stationary momentum distribution lies within the range of linearity of the cooling force. We analyze the stimulated Raman transitions occurring between differently populated and light-shifted ground-state Zeeman sublevels. In the case where the probe beam has the same polarization as the copropagating cooling beam, an additional narrow Rayleigh resonance appears for a probe frequency close to the pump frequency. Its width is equal to 2\ensuremath{\alpha}/M, where \ensuremath{\alpha} is the friction coefficient of the cooling force and M is the atomic mass. In the case where the probe beam has the same polarization as the counterpropagating cooling beam, a central recoil-induced resonance is expected. Its width is related to the Doppler width of the optical molasses.