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Coherent and Collective Interactions of Particles and Radiation Beams: Varenna on Lake Como, Villa Monastero, 11-21 July 1995

Alain Aspect, William A. Barletta, R. Bonifacio, Società italiana di fisica

Published Jan 1, 1997• 0 citations

Abstract

This work focuses on fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of relativistic beam physics, recoil, and cooling phenomena in atomic and ion beams and traps, emphasizing coherence and collective effects. The physics of atomic laser and free electron laser, and the development of a bridge between them through the mechanism of the so-called recoil induced gain mechanism, is also examined, as are the links between relativistic beam physics and atomic laser physics. Topics include: laser cooling of trapped ions; optical lattices; spatio-temporal instabilities in optical systems; coherence in atom optics; coherent population trapping; two-level gain and collective recoil-induced effects; high-gain free electron laser - theory, experiments and projects; cooling of ion beams in a storage ring; and experiments on dense laser-cooled stored ion beams.

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This work focuses on fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of relativistic beam physics, recoil, and cooling phenomena in atomic and ion beams and traps, emphasizing coherence and collective effects. The physics of atomic laser and free electron laser, and the development of a bridge between them through the mechanism of the so-called recoil induced gain mechanism, is also examined, as are the links between relativistic beam physics and atomic laser physics. Topics include: laser cooling of trapped ions; optical lattices; spatio-temporal instabilities in optical systems; coherence in atom optics; coherent population trapping; two-level gain and collective recoil-induced effects; high-gain free electron laser - theory, experiments and projects; cooling of ion beams in a storage ring; and experiments on dense laser-cooled stored ion beams.

Beams of atoms and molecules (N.F. Ramsey). Momentum exchange between matter and light (S. Stenholm). Quantum effects in atomic optics (D.F. Walls). New laser cooling mechanisms (C. Cohen-Tannoudji). Laser cooling configurations (G. Nienhuis). Velocity-selective coherent population trapping in one and two dimensions (E. Arimondo). Coupled-pendulum model of the forces on three-level atoms (M. Prentiss et al.). Laser cooling and manipulation of atoms and selected applications (S. Chu). Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms (W.D. Phillips). Search for montional quantization of laser-cooled atoms (R. Gupta, S. Padua, T. Bergeman, H. Metcalf). The low (temperature) road toward Bose-Einstein condensation in optically and magnetically trapped cesium atoms (Ch. Monroe, E. Comell, C. Wieman). Manipulation of atoms by laser light (W. Ertmer). Laser manipulation of helium: the limits of the semi-classical description (A. Aspect et al.). Light manipulation of atoms (V.1. Balykin). Atom traps and atom optics (D.E. Pritchard and W. Ketterle). Electromagnetic traps for, charged and neutral particles (W. Paul). Laser cooling of trapped ions (W.M. Itano et al.). High-resolution atomic spectroscopy of laser-cooled ions (D.J. Wineland et al.).

Preface (R.A. Broglia and J.R. Schrieffer). 50 years of the Mott phenomenon: insulators, magnets, solids and superconductors as aspects of strong-repulsion theory (P.W. Anderson). Collective motion in Fermi droplets (G. Bertsch). The quantum Hall effect (R. Schrieffer and D.P. Arovas). Quantum effects in heavy-ion reactions (D.M. Brink). Heavy fermions (T.M. Rice). Theory of relaxation, phase transitions and tunnelling in nuclei (R.A. Broglia). The quantum mechanics of a macroscopic variable: some recent results and current issues (A.J. Leggett). Moments at the relativistic borderline: nuclei and rotation superconductors (G. Baym). Numerical simulations of many-electron condensed-matter systems (D.J. Scalapino). The lattice strong interactions: an introduction (E. Marinari).

The goal of this volume is to discuss the rapidly moving field of atom optics and interferometry with all its intricate aspects ranging from fundamental physics to applications and the theory of relativity. The breathtaking success in manipulating atoms using lasers has encouraged these two so far disjunct communities to move closer together and begin collaborations. After an introduction to atom optics and Bose-Einstein condensation, the theoretical foundations of cold atom interferometers, their use to test gravity, and their implementation in laboratory measurements of the earth rotation and of Newton's gravitational constant are discussed. Several papers discuss the characteristics of gyroscopes and interferometers as sensors for inertial forces, starting from gyroscopes based on light waves and comparing their sensitivity to those based on matter waves. The final topic is the variation of fundamental constants, a subject that during the last years has attracted a lot of attention from different communities of physics.