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International Symposium on Telecommunications

Jamming resistance capabilities of the Spectrally Phase Encoded OCDMA systems

Mohammad Javad Emadi, Jawad A. Salehi

Published Aug 1, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Although, enhanced security is often mentioned as a noticeable benefit of spectrally phase encoded optical CDMA (SPE-OCDMA) systems, the quantity and degree of security enhancement is not considered deeply in the literature. One of the facts in determining the degree of security is to assess the resistance capability of the system against various jammers attacks. In this paper, we introduce and model three types of jammers, namely (Pulse Jammer, Partialband Jammer, and Follower Jammer). We mathematically analyze the effects of the above jammers on the performance of the SPE-OCDMA systems that use On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation scheme. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, the performance of the system can be dramatically degraded due to the jamming signals. Moreover, it is seen that the strongest jammer is the follower jammer.

DOI
10.1109/istel.2008.4651300

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Although, enhanced security is often mentioned as a noticeable benefit of spectrally phase encoded optical CDMA (SPE-OCDMA) systems, the quantity and degree of security enhancement is not considered deeply in the literature. One of the facts in determining the degree of security is to assess the resistance capability of the system against various jammers attacks. In this paper, we introduce and model three types of jammers, namely (Pulse Jammer, Partialband Jammer, and Follower Jammer). We mathematically analyze the effects of the above jammers on the performance of the SPE-OCDMA systems that use On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation scheme. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, the performance of the system can be dramatically degraded due to the jamming signals. Moreover, it is seen that the strongest jammer is the follower jammer.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eavesdropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confidentiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining multiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an impor- tant benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eaves- dropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confiden- tiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining mul- tiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver. Index Terms—Code-division multiple access (CDMA), commu- nication system security, optical communication.
Security enhancement of stealth channel by combining time-domain spectral phase en/decoding (SPE/D) OCDMA scheme and group velocity dispersion is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The time-domain spectral phase encoded OCDMA signal, which utilizes a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating for pulse broadening and a high-speed phase modulator for SPE, has been stealth transmitted over a public wavelengthdivision-multiplexing network. Error-free transmission (bit-error rate-9) has been achieved for both the public and stealth channel with 32-chip 40-Gchip/s gold codes.
This paper presents security performance of spectral amplitude code OCDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) OCDMA scheme. The eavesdropper probability of correctly detected Spectral Encoding Chip Bandwidth (SECB) pulses in a code word is investigated. For MDW code with code length and code weight of 9 and 4 respectively, SNR of approximately 8 dB is sufficient for an eavesdropper to detect the SECB pulses with a probability of 50%. The eavesdropper performance is based on tapping and observing the encoded transmitted signal using a tuning band pass filter followed by envelope detector. The eavesdropper measures the intensity for each intercepted pulse and calculates its corresponding sig- nal to noise ratio (SNR). Spectral Encoding Chip Bandwidth effect is investigated by simulation. The possibility of eavesdropping increases with wide SECB. Our results show that using unipolar OCDMA code schemes based on MDW code system enhances the security with a low cost implementation in comparison to the bipolar ones.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical CDMA (O-CDMA) signaling. However, the quality and degree of security enhancement has not been closely examined in the literature. This paper examines the degree and types of security that may be provided by O-CDMA encoding. A quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is presented for O-CDMA encoding techniques that use both time spreading and wavelength hopping. The probability of successful data interception is calculated as a function of several parameters, including signal-to-noise ratio and fraction of total available system capacity. For reasonable choices of system and encoding parameters, it is shown that increasing code complexity can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for an eavesdropper to "break" the encoding by only a few dB, while the processing of fewer than 100 bits by an eavesdropper can reduce the SNR required to break the encoding by up to 12 dB. The overall degree of confidentiality obtainable through O-CDMA encoding is also compared with that obtainable through standard cryptography. time-spreading/wavelength-hopping in particular, and O-CDMA in general, are found to provide considerably less data confidentiality than cryptography, and the confidentiality provided is found to be highly dependent on system design and implementation parameters.
OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of a desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth.In such a systems, data signal overlap both in time and wavelength.Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented.Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered.Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one.Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated.Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.