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Security analysis in optical CDMA network systems

Nihad Ibrahim Abdullah, Abd Samad Hasan Basari, Abdul Karim Mohamad, Ibrahim Qadri Ali, Ali Jalil Ibrahim, Dalshad Jaafar Hussein, Mustafa Rashad

Published Jul 19, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

(OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of the desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth. In such a system, the data signal overlap both in time and wavelength. Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.

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In this paper, tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA is presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead the eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.

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CRC Press eBooks•Oct 3, 2018•0 citations
(OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of the desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth. In such a system, the data signal overlap both in time and wavelength.
Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of a desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth.In such a systems, data signal overlap both in time and wavelength.Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented.Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered.Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one.Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated.Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
In this paper, tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA is presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead the eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical CDMA (O-CDMA) signaling. However, the quality and degree of security enhancement has not been closely examined in the literature. This paper examines the degree and types of security that may be provided by O-CDMA encoding. A quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is presented for O-CDMA encoding techniques that use both time spreading and wavelength hopping. The probability of successful data interception is calculated as a function of several parameters, including signal-to-noise ratio and fraction of total available system capacity. For reasonable choices of system and encoding parameters, it is shown that increasing code complexity can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for an eavesdropper to "break" the encoding by only a few dB, while the processing of fewer than 100 bits by an eavesdropper can reduce the SNR required to break the encoding by up to 12 dB. The overall degree of confidentiality obtainable through O-CDMA encoding is also compared with that obtainable through standard cryptography. time-spreading/wavelength-hopping in particular, and O-CDMA in general, are found to provide considerably less data confidentiality than cryptography, and the confidentiality provided is found to be highly dependent on system design and implementation parameters.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eavesdropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confidentiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining multiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver.
This chapter focuses primarily on summarizing results of research on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) confidentiality and security. It introduces the various classes of security for the readers who may not be familiar with the field of security and encryption. The chapter discusses how the degree of security in an OCDMA network can be quantified. OCDMA may be advantageous for increasing network availability in the presence of interfering signals, because the signal is spread over many wavelengths. The most commonly used architecture for OCDMA networks is the star network. In the star network, data from all users are collected at some central point and then distributed to all users. An eavesdropper in an OCDMA network may tap signals from various locations within the network. The network designer can design some countermeasures to make the eavesdropper's job a bit more difficult. OCDMA provides security at the physical layer of a communication network.