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International Journal of Modern Physics A

LATTICE ALGEBRAS AND THE HIDDEN SYMMETRY OF THE 2D ISING MODEL IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

Dan Lévy

Published Nov 30, 1991• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lattice algebras are defined and used to study the symmetries of 2D lattice models. New and interesting examples of such algebras are provided by the affine Hecke algebra, owing to the possibility of constructing braid generators out of its generators. I propose an Ansatz for the braid generators and derive some solutions. A particular finite-dimensional quotient is shown to be a natural generalization of the Temperley-Lieb-Jones algebra. It is used to give a unified picture of known and unknown symmetries of the spin-½ xxz model with boundary terms. The Ising model in an external magnetic field is also a representation of this quotient.

DOI
10.1142/s0217751x91002422

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Lattice algebras are defined and used to study the symmetries of 2D lattice models. New and interesting examples of such algebras are provided by the affine Hecke algebra, owing to the possibility of constructing braid generators out of its generators. I propose an Ansatz for the braid generators and derive some solutions. A particular finite-dimensional quotient is shown to be a natural generalization of the Temperley-Lieb-Jones algebra. It is used to give a unified picture of known and unknown symmetries of the spin-½ xxz model with boundary terms. The Ising model in an external magnetic field is also a representation of this quotient.
We present a systematic method to construct the spin models of Heisenberg type in higher dimensions with nearest and non-nearest neighbour interactions. These models constructed in this way are of Temperley-Lieb-Jones (TLJ) algebraic structures and -invariances. The TLJ algebra is generalized to adjusting the lattice spin models. The Hamiltonians of Heisenberg spin models in one dimension (including second nearest neighbour interactions) and in two-dimensional triangular lattice (with nearest interaction) are constructed explicitly. The hidden symmetries are shown to be the group, and the terms in Hamiltonian for different lattice cells are explicitly shown to be the representations of elements of (TLJ) algebra.
We use simple diagrammatic techniques to analyse the ordinary representation theory of the Hecke algebras , and to construct modules (resp. representations) which are generically simple (irreducible) and well defined in every specialization of q, including roots of unity. We determine several physically important properties of these modules, generalizing properties of the Temperley - Lieb algebra and its diagrams which have proved useful for lattice models. We show how these results can be used to locate energy level crossings in invariant quantum spin chains, and locate a new crossing of the thermodynamic limit spin chain at as an example.
The tetrahedron equation is a three-dimensional generalization of the Yang-Baxter equation. Its solutions define integrable three-dimensional lattice models of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. Their integrability is not related to the size of the lattice, therefore the same solution of the tetrahedron equation defines different integrable models for different finite periodic cubic lattices. Obviously, any such three-dimensional model can be viewed as a two-dimensional integrable model on a square lattice, where the additional third dimension is treated as an internal degree of freedom. Therefore every solution of the tetrahedron equation provides an infinite sequence of integrable 2d models differing by the size of this "hidden third dimension". In this paper we construct a new solution of the tetrahedron equation, which provides in this way the two-dimensional solvable models related to finite-dimensional highest weight representations for all quantum affine algebra Uq(hatsl(n))U_q(\\hat{sl}(n))Uq​(hatsl(n)), where the rank nnn coincides with the size of the hidden dimension. These models are related with an anisotropic deformation of the sl(n)sl(n)sl(n)-invariant Heisenberg magnets. They were extensively studied for a long time, but the hidden 3d structure was hitherto unknown. Our results lead to a remarkable exact "rank-size" duality relation for the nested Bethe Ansatz solution for these models. Note also, that the above solution of the tetrahedron equation arises in the quantization of the "resonant three-wave scattering" model, which is a well-known integrable classical system in 2+1 dimensions.