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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Generation of tunable coherent radiation below 1000 Å by four-wave mixing in krypton

Keith Bonin, Thomas J. Mcilrath

Published Apr 1, 1985• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent, narrow-band, tunable radiation in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region was generated by a two-photon resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing process in krypton. Sum-generated radiation was produced near 942, 928, and 923 A with power efficiencies as high as 10−5. Difference-generated radiation near 1312 Å was also detected.
DOI
10.1364/josab.2.000527

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The nonlinear interaction of neutral krypton atoms with picosecond 193-nm radiation with intensities ≤1013 W/cm2 has been studied. Because of the relatively high intensity of the applied radiation field and the two-photon resonance of the 4p–6p transition, several competing nonlinear processes were observed that result in the generation of coherent radiation. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from the two-photon-resonant level was observed in the IR frequency at ~2 μm. Additionally, a tunable IR wave, in the same frequency range, was generated by stimulated hyper-Raman scattering of the incident laser. The observed self-generated IR waves induced other nonlinear interactions, which resulted in the generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in the same medium. Tunable XUV frequency was shown to be generated by four-wave sum mixing of the laser and the hyper-Raman wave. Vacuum-ultraviolet frequency was shown to be generated by four-wave oscillation, and other nontunable XUV frequencies resulted from anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the ASE IR waves.
Two tunable dye lasers have been used to generate coherent radiation at a tunable sum frequency in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral region. Spectral ranges of \ensuremath{\sim}3500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ around 1895 \AA{} and \ensuremath{\sim}1200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ around 1798 \AA{} have been covered. These ranges may easily be extended. Large (\ensuremath{\sim}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}104{10}^{4}104) enhancements of $2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ sum mixing are seen when $2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ is tuned to a double-quantum allowed transition from the ground state in Sr vapor.
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