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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Experimental implementation of B92 quantum key distribution protocol

F. A. Mendonça, Daniel Barbosa de Brito, João Batista Rosa Silva, George A. P. Thé, Rubens Viana Ramos

Published Nov 19, 2007• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum key distribution is a technique that permits the secure distribution of a bit string that is used as key in cryptographic protocols. The security is guaranteed by suitable coding of the information in a quantum property and from the fact that a quantum cannot be both split and cloned. In this article, we give details and show the results of an experimental realization of the B92 quantum key distribution protocol in 1550‐nm telecom window. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 236–241, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23025

DOI
10.1002/mop.23025

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Secure communication has always been a key concern while sharing information between two parties. Traditional and lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are insecure against quantum attacks. The objective of cryptography is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation between both parties. Quantum key distribution is a safe and sound method for communication between two parties to share their information. However early applications with applied limitations lead to open ambiguities, permitting an eavesdropper to breach the security of quantum cryptographic system. This research proposes a framework for quantum key distribution using B92 protocol. The B92 protocol allows two different users A to share their polarized photons with high security and without any interruption of Eavesdropper. While B92 protocol generates a secrete key, that is known to just sender and receiver. The use of QuVis framework can provide this secure communication and photons are transferred to Bob securely without any Eavesdropper.
Quantum key distribution is a new technique that permits secure distribution of a bit string, used as key in cryptographic protocols. The security is guaranteed by suitable coding of the information in a quantum property and from the fact that a quantum cannot be both split and cloned. The present quantum-cryptographic protocols use a quantum (photon in optical systems) to carry the information. Hence, for the construction of an optical set up able to run quantum-cryptographic protocols, it is necessary use single-photon detectors. In this paper, numerical simulations and experimental results of single-photon detectors, in 1550 nm, using avalanche photodiode are shown.
Quantum Cryptography (QKD) uses the laws of Quantum Mechanics to create new cryptographic primitives.Precisely, this technique is based on two laws of quantum mechanics, namely uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem.The best known QKD is the BB84 protocol published by Bennett and Brassard in 1984.Since then, various QKD protocols have been developed for example a B92 protocol.This latter is similar to that of BB84but this time using only two non-orthogonal states of the four states of BB84.In this work, we develop the java simulation B92 protocol and we give some details of the implementation.Next, we show by an example how Alice (Initiator) can configure the protocol parameters before execution.Finally, we give the statistical results allowing to compare this protocol with that of BB84.
Quantum Key Distribution is a cornerstone of secure communication, utilizing quantum mechanics to achieve unparalleled security. This study evaluates the performance of the B92 protocol, a simplified scheme using non-orthogonal states, through simulation with Python3 and the Qiskit library. The research focuses on the variability of key lengths and the ability of the protocol to detect eavesdropping attempts. Results show an average key length of 14.3 bits per 100 transmitted qubits, with variability ranging from 3 to 29 bits. Detection accuracy improves significantly with sample size, achieving 95% accuracy with a sample size of 5 and 100% with a sample size of 10. These findings highlight the trade-off between key length and detection reliability, emphasizing the importance of optimization. While simulations confirm the protocol’s robustness, further studies under real-world conditions are essential. This work advances the understanding of quantum cryptographic systems and lays the foundation for secure quantum communication.