Secure communication has always been a key concern while sharing information between two parties. Traditional and lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are insecure against quantum attacks. The objective of cryptography is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation between both parties. Quantum key distribution is a safe and sound method for communication between two parties to share their information. However early applications with applied limitations lead to open ambiguities, permitting an eavesdropper to breach the security of quantum cryptographic system. This research proposes a framework for quantum key distribution using B92 protocol. The B92 protocol allows two different users A to share their polarized photons with high security and without any interruption of Eavesdropper. While B92 protocol generates a secrete key, that is known to just sender and receiver. The use of QuVis framework can provide this secure communication and photons are transferred to Bob securely without any Eavesdropper.
Secure communication has always been a key concern while sharing information between two parties. Traditional and lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are insecure against quantum attacks. The objective of cryptography is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation between both parties. Quantum key distribution is a safe and sound method for communication between two parties to share their information. However early applications with applied limitations lead to open ambiguities, permitting an eavesdropper to breach the security of quantum cryptographic system. This research proposes a framework for quantum key distribution using B92 protocol. The B92 protocol allows two different users A to share their polarized photons with high security and without any interruption of Eavesdropper. While B92 protocol generates a secrete key, that is known to just sender and receiver. The use of QuVis framework can provide this secure communication and photons are transferred to Bob securely without any Eavesdropper.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.
The security of information in Internet-based communication is essential. The existence of tappers to make information can be known by unauthorized parties, and it will give a fake information from the previous one. As technology develops, secure communication protocols become an important part. Quantum Key Distribution is a nowadays technology as a part of security improvement to overcome key distribution issues in against attackers. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems. QKD is inseparable from protocols BB84 and B92, therefore the purposes of this paper are to test QuVis based on future work of previous research, analyze the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol and simulator software review. The results of this research show that B92 protocol gives more advantage in detecting eavesdropping in lower rates than BB84 protocol and the software simulation is succeed by showing the value of probability key that can be used by Bob which does not cross the limit (0.5 and 0.25).
Essential role of Internet-based communication is the security of information. Classical Cryptography is based on mathematical models and computational complexity to compute the secret key. It does not provide enough security because finding a fast method to calculate the secret key will compromise the security of the system. Quantum Key Distribution is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems, and QKD cannot separate from protocols BB84, B92 and BBM92. In this paper, we are testing the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, and BBM92 using QuVis simulator software. The results show that the B92 protocol is more relevant in detecting eavesdropping in lower error rates than the other two protocols.
Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.
A quantum key distribution (QKD) system produced shared secret key and transmitted the key between the sender and receiver in a highly secured transmission. QKD uses the fundamental of quantum properties of a single photon to provide a secured communication channel with absolute security guaranteed by the laws of physics. This research has developed a simulator software for BB84 and B92 protocols which implemented both protocols in 802.11i WLAN environment. The parameters used for this research are with attack and without attack, where measured by three measurements for both protocols which are final key length, expected key length by eavesdropper and error rate estimation. The 802.11i WLAN is consider as insecure because the tendency to be intercepted by intruders is high. Furthermore, the interference from other consumer devices such as cordless phone and microwave can contribute to degradation of WLAN performance. This type of noise can generate different numbers of final key length and different levels of error rate estimation. Thus, the level of the error rate estimation determined the secrecy of the secret key. The discussion of security issue between BB84 and B92 protocols also discussed in terms of secrecy and strength of the secret key between both protocols in 802.11i WLAN.
Quantum cryptography provides secret communication, which offers various security factors like confidentiality, integrity, and authentication assurance based on the law of physics. The law of physics states that quantum computing can also be applied into the communication sector, which is particularly in the field of cryptography. Then quantum can significantly distribute the data securely by applying quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum key sharing, etc. In the classical cryptography, it is difficult to compute secret keys using security concepts like key exchange and authentication, etc., and it fails to provide adequate protection during data communication as it needs some effective computation in terms of security. The lack of security in the data communication can be overcome by using the concept of quantum computing. Generally, in quantum computing, elementary quantum systems like polarized photons are used to transmit digital information based on the principle of uncertainty as it gives rise to a significant phenomenon of effective security in terms of communication compared to existing concepts related to cryptography. In quantum computing, the detection ratio for identifying the data which are sent through a communication channel is more difficult as it uses qubits and photons to represent the data that are sent. Quantum channels are used to distribute the information between two users as it passes through the unprotected classical channels as it is unknown to anyone else. Assuming that Alice and Bob use a latent noise channel to send a key, reconciliation is the process of correcting errors between Alice and Bob’s version of the key. This is done by public discussion, which leaks some information about the secret key to an undercover. This chapter gives a discussion on QKD concepts as it helps to provide a secure communication, where the information is broadcasting through a quantum channel. Finally, the various existing quantum protocols are described in relation to some security measures based on QKD, and the standard QKD protocol of BB84 is discussed.