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Optics Express

Observation of large contrast electromagnetically induced absorption resonance due to population transfer in a three-level Λ-system interacting with three separate electromagnetic fields

Ido Ben-Aroya, G. Eisenstein

Published May 6, 2011• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a new scheme to induce large contrast (nearly 50%) absorption resonances using three co-propagating fields which interact with a three-level Λ-system (obtained by the D(2) transition of (87)Rb atoms) in an N-configuration scheme. A single mode laser which couples the upper ground state to the excited state of (87)Rb is phase modulated at half the hyperfine splitting frequency. The resultant three line spectrum interacts with the atomic vapor yielding a population transfer which increases the absorption by an amount which depends on the carrier to modulation side band intensity ratio.

DOI
10.1364/oe.19.009956

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•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
We describe a new scheme to induce large contrast (nearly 50%) absorption resonances using three co-propagating fields which interact with a three-level Λ-system (obtained by the D(2) transition of (87)Rb atoms) in an N-configuration scheme. A single mode laser which couples the upper ground state to the excited state of (87)Rb is phase modulated at half the hyperfine splitting frequency. The resultant three line spectrum interacts with the atomic vapor yielding a population transfer which increases the absorption by an amount which depends on the carrier to modulation side band intensity ratio.
We experimentally study the absorption spectroscopy from a collection of gaseous 87Rb atoms at room temperature irradiated with three fields. Two of these fields are in a pump–probe saturation absorption configuration. The third field co-propagates with the pump field. The three fields address Zeeman degenerate transitions between hyperfine levels 5S1/2, F = 1 and 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 around the D2 line. We find a sub-natural absorption resonance in the counter-propagating probe field for equal detunings of all three fields. This absorption arises in conjunction with the appearance of increased transmission due to electro-magnetically induced transparency in the co-propagating fields. The novel feature of this absorption is its onset only for the blue of 5P3/2, F = 0, as the laser frequency is scanned through the excited states 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 and F = 2. The absorption rapidly rises to near maximum values within a narrow band of frequency near 5P3/2, F = 0. Our experimental results are compared with a dressed atom model. We find the threshold absorption to be a result of coherent interaction between the dressed states of our system.
A narrowband R-type resonance is formed in a Λ-system, on the D1 line of Rb atomic vapor using two continuous diode lasers with λ=795 nm. A 8mm- long cell filled with the Rb vapor and 20 Torr neon gas has been used. We have shown that use of an additional (3rd) laser which is resonant with the Rb D2 line (λ=780 nm) makes it possible to control the amplitude and sign of the R -type resonance, i.e. to convert a resonance which demonstrates increase in absorption into one which demonstrates reduction in absorption. The good signal/noise ratio of the observed resonance allows us to follow its behavior in an applied magnetic field from several gauss to several hundred gauss. A description in terms of double-Λ systems allows us to explain the experimental results in a simple manner.
A 64.4% reduction in absorption at the rubidium D2 line is observed when a pumping field at 775.8 nm is tuned on resonance to the transition between the excited states 5P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ and 5D5/2{\mathit{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​. As the pumping field is tuned off resonance, an absorption peak appears at the side of the Doppler-broadened D2 line. This modification in absorption is related to pumping-induced atomic coherence in this three-level ladder-type system. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature and with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration.
We report observation of a narrow (sub-natural) and high-contrast resonance of increased absorption ("bright" resonance) in Rb cell with Ne buffer gas under previously unexplored experimental conditions for coupling and probe radiation configuration. The coupling laser stabilized frequency is detuned by ~ 3 GHz from 5S1/2, Fg=3 --> 5P3/2, Fe=2,3,4 transitions, while the probe laser frequency is scanned across these transitions. We believe the bright resonance formation, occurring when the probe laser frequency is blue-shifted from the coupling frequency by a value of the ground state hyperfine splitting, is caused predominantly by a 2-photon absorption of the probe radiation 5S1/2, Fg=2 --> 5S1/2, Fg=3 with 5P3/2 as an intermediate state. We also report and interpret splitting of the bright resonance into 6 well resolved and contrast components in moderate magnetic fields (B ~ 10 - 250 G).
The spectrum of absorption of a probe field of arbitrary intensity by three-level atoms with the Λ configuration of levels in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave acting on an adjacent transition is studied theoretically. It is shown that the supernarrow resonance, revealed earlier by us, in the absorption spectrum of the probe field far from the resonance with the atomic transition is retained as the probe field intensity increases. The dependence of the amplitude and of the width of the supernarrow resonance on the probe-field intensity is elucidated. The resonance contrast decreases insignificantly (by only a factor of several), even when the probe-field intensity becomes comparable with the intensity of the strong field.
We report observation of a narrow (sub-natural) and high-contrast resonance of increased absorption (“bright” resonance) in Rb cell with Ne buffer gas under previously unexplored experimental conditions for coupling and probe radiation configuration. The coupling laser-stabilized frequency is detuned by ~3 GHz from 5S1/2, Fg=3 → 5P3/2, Fe=2,3,4 transitions, while the probe laser frequency is scanned across these transitions. We believe the bright resonance formation, occurring when the probe laser frequency is blue-shifted from the coupling frequency by a value of the ground state hyperfine splitting, is caused predominantly by a 2-photon absorption of the probe radiation 5S1/2, Fg=2 → 5S1/2, Fg=3 with 5P3/2 as an intermediate state. We also report and interpret splitting of the bright resonance into 6 well resolved and contrast components in moderate magnetic fields (B ~ 10 ÷ 250 G).