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Optics and Spectroscopy

Spectral specific features of the interaction of two fields of arbitrary intensity with three-level Λ-systems

А. И. Пархоменко, Anatolii M. Shalagin

Published Dec 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectrum of absorption of a probe field of arbitrary intensity by three-level atoms with the Λ configuration of levels in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave acting on an adjacent transition is studied theoretically. It is shown that the supernarrow resonance, revealed earlier by us, in the absorption spectrum of the probe field far from the resonance with the atomic transition is retained as the probe field intensity increases. The dependence of the amplitude and of the width of the supernarrow resonance on the probe-field intensity is elucidated. The resonance contrast decreases insignificantly (by only a factor of several), even when the probe-field intensity becomes comparable with the intensity of the strong field.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x07120223

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Physical Review A•Apr 11, 2003•28 citations
The spectrum of absorption of a probe field of arbitrary intensity by three-level atoms with the Λ configuration of levels in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave acting on an adjacent transition is studied theoretically. It is shown that the supernarrow resonance, revealed earlier by us, in the absorption spectrum of the probe field far from the resonance with the atomic transition is retained as the probe field intensity increases. The dependence of the amplitude and of the width of the supernarrow resonance on the probe-field intensity is elucidated. The resonance contrast decreases insignificantly (by only a factor of several), even when the probe-field intensity becomes comparable with the intensity of the strong field.
We investigate theoretically the spectrum of weak probe field absorption by three-level atoms with the Λ configuration of levels in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave acting on an adjacent transition and colliding with buffer gas atoms. Analysis is carried out for the general case of arbitrary collisional relaxation of low-frequency coherence at a transition between two lower levels. It is shown that, in the absence of collisional relaxation of low-frequency coherence, the probe field spectrum always exhibits clearly manifested anisotropy with respect to mutual orientation of wavevectors of the strong and probe radiation (even under small Doppler broadening). It is found that the probe field spectrum may acquire under certain conditions supernarrow resonances with a width proportional to the diffusion coefficient for atoms interacting with radiation. This fact may form the basis for a spectroscopic method for measuring transport frequencies of collisions between absorbing and buffer particles. A large-amplitude supernarrow resonance (with an amplitude much larger than the amplitude of the resonance near the line center), which is observed in the far wing of the absorption line, exhibits collisional narrowing (a nonlinear spectroscopic analog of the Dicke effect) at collision frequencies several orders of magnitude lower that the Doppler linewidth. Simple working equations proposed for describing the probe field spectrum are convenient for experimental data processing.
A three-level atomic system with a strong three-mode field and a probing biharmonic field at transitions 1→2 and 1⇆3 (1 is a common lower level), respectively, is studied theoretically by numerical simulation and an analysis of the mathematical expressions derived for the particular case of a symmetric arrangement of the strong field components relative to the transition frequency ω 21 . The absorption spectrum of the probing field components contains parametric supernarrow resonances against the background of resonances of the nonlinear interference effect. The ratios of the differences in the frequencies of the strong and probing fields, at which the supernarrow resonances appear, are found analytically. The results coincide with those obtained from numerical simulation.
The probe absorption spectrum of the Λ-three-level system driven by bichromatic coupling field and weak probe field is investigated. We obtain the probe absorption spectra for different frequency detunings of coupling field by solving the density matrix equation and numerical analysis. Three electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) peaks are simultaneously observed in the absorption profile of probe field. We report the dependence of position and relative intensity of EIA on the frequency detuning of the bichromatic coupling field. The results show that central EIA always appears at the resonant frequency of probe field, with the constant intensity. The position of the secondary EIA vary with the frequency detuning of coupled field, and the intensity of the absorption peaks decrease with the increasing detuning.
In the introduced paper the results of theoretical and experimental investigations in a branch of probe-field spectroscopy of degenerated metastable atoms in a laser radiation field of arbitrary intensity with taking into account of its anisotropical excitation and the presence of additional channels of radiant decay of upper level are presented. It is shown that for the degenerated levels which are excited anisotropically the absorption spectrum of the probe field contains, besides resonances caused by occupancy effects, resonances associated with the magnetic coherence and manifested in the form of peaks and dips with substantially different amplitudes and widths. A fundamentally new property of these resonances is that their widths are proportional to the intensity of the orienting field, and the amplitude of the narrowest resonance becomes appreciable when the orienting field is very strong.
We describe a new scheme to induce large contrast (nearly 50%) absorption resonances using three co-propagating fields which interact with a three-level Λ-system (obtained by the D(2) transition of (87)Rb atoms) in an N-configuration scheme. A single mode laser which couples the upper ground state to the excited state of (87)Rb is phase modulated at half the hyperfine splitting frequency. The resultant three line spectrum interacts with the atomic vapor yielding a population transfer which increases the absorption by an amount which depends on the carrier to modulation side band intensity ratio.
The interaction of a two-level system with a strong standing wave is examined by the probe field resonant to the adjacent transition in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration of Ar II. The known peak of electromagnetically induced transparency is observed in the absorption spectrum at the detuning of the probe field proportional to the detuning of the strong field. Along with it, the different structure has been found at the line center, independently of the strong-field frequency. The calculations clarify that the central structure is induced by the higher-order spatial harmonics of the atomic coherence induced at the probe transition. The effect results in steep frequency dependence of the refractive index at the line center.