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Optics Letters

Pulsations induced by quantum interference in a microchip solid-state laser operating on a Λ transiton

Kenju Otsuka, Jing-Yuan Ko, Shin-ichi Higashihara Shin-ichi Higashihara, Jyh‐Long Chern

Published Apr 15, 2001• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-induced pulsations that are associated with atomic interference have been found in a laser-diode-pumped LiNdP(4)O(12) microchip laser with an intracavity KTP frequency-doubling crystal operating in a ? scheme. The instability and peculiar pulsations that were observed have been verified by a linear stability analysis and numerical simulation of two-mode laser equations, including nonlinear absorptions of a purely quantum nature and spontaneous-emission noise.

DOI
10.1364/ol.26.000536

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Self-induced pulsations that are associated with atomic interference have been found in a laser-diode-pumped LiNdP(4)O(12) microchip laser with an intracavity KTP frequency-doubling crystal operating in a ? scheme. The instability and peculiar pulsations that were observed have been verified by a linear stability analysis and numerical simulation of two-mode laser equations, including nonlinear absorptions of a purely quantum nature and spontaneous-emission noise.
Summary form only given. Quantum interference in a three-level atomic system with two fields operating in a /spl Lambda/ or V scheme has attracted much attention as a mechanism for the mediation of interactions between light and matter. Amplification and even laser-behavior without a population inversion can be produced by such a system. Kozyreff and Pandel have recently shown analytically and numerically that atomic interference in a microchip laser with a population inversion operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition should result in antiphase pulsations in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation point. The phenomenon has been observed in a LiNdP/sub 4/O/sub 12/ (LNP) laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-scheme consisting of /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/(1)/spl rarr//sup 4/I/sub 11/2/(2,3) transitions in a limited pump power region. This paper outlines our demonstration of peculiar large-amplitude periodic pulsations in an intracavity frequency-doubled microchip LNP laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition and contains a theoretical confirmation of the mechanism for these pulsations.
In a LiNdP 4 O 12 microchip laser pumped by a diode laser, atomic interference arise due to the simultaneous oscillation on two transitions forming a Λ configuration. For a microchip laser, the low-frequency coherence is an important dynamical variable. It is coupled to the low spatial frequency of the population inversion grating. This results in modal intensities which are self-pulsing while the total intensity remains nearly constant. In addition, the modal power spectra display combinations of the relaxation oscillation frequencies which are absent in the power spectrum of the total output power.
Self-pulsing of a single-mode laser has been studied with the use of the inhomogeneously broadened 3.51-\ensuremath{\mu}m transition in xenon. Time-averaged intensity power spectra, average power output, and real-time observations of intensity fluctuations have been recorded for various detunings of the Fabry-Perot cavity. Two forms of self-pulsing have been observed, both of which can be explained in terms of the phase locking of several frequencies which simultaneously exist in the same spatial mode, made possible by the rapid variations of the index of refraction in the high-gain medium. One form of such mode splitting occurs in the wings of the atomic response due to the variations in the inhomogeneously broadened anomalous dispersion. The second form can occur anywhere in the tuning range of the laser as it is caused by distortions induced in the dispersion by the hole-burning effects of the oscillating mode. The pulsation frequency of this induced mode splitting varies with cavity tuning, shows a dip at the atomic line center, and may be absent for detuning of one or two homogeneous linewidths away from center. The instabilities have shown subharmonic bifurcations of the pulsation frequencies. Both high-QQQ pulsation frequencies and broad bands of frequencies in the power spectra have been observed for various operating conditions.
We study the dynamics of a laser oscillating on L optical transitions connecting a common upper level and L lower sublevels. Each transition is single mode. The minimal generalization of the rate equations to explain the experimental observations includes the low-frequency coherence dynamics [Europhys. Lett. 45, 307 (1999)]. These equations are studied analytically. We prove that such a laser has a low intensity self-pulsing threshold corresponding to the destabilization of the lowest of the relaxation oscillation frequencies. It also displays antiphased dynamics in the time-periodic regime, resulting in a vanishingly small oscillation amplitude of the total intensity while modal intensities have finite amplitude oscillations. The physical origin of this behavior is found to be the enhancement of stimulated absorption by quantum interference.
We study a Nd-doped microchip glass laser that emits in two polarizations and in many longitudinal modes. Saturation of the inversion by standing waves causes spatial inhomogeneity of both the longitudinal and azimuthal distributions of the laser gain. These nonlinear inhomogeneities couple the modes and result in low-frequency oscillations (10--500 kHz) of the light flux in the individual laser modes. These oscillations are steadily driven by quantum noise and appear as 15% fluctuations of the power in each mode. In-phase fluctuations in the laser modes appear at the frequency of the main relaxation oscillation of the total laser power. Antiphase fluctuations appear at other frequencies in individual longitudinal and polarization laser modes only. The dominant frequency of these fluctuations is determined by the light power in the mode. Numerical simulations of rate equations, including Langevin forces, satisfactorily reproduce the experimental results. These phenomena must be taken into account when lasers are applied as stable coherent optical light sources, and also with sensitive absorption measurements in the laser cavity.