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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Pulsations induced by quantum interference in a microchip solid-state laser operating on a Λ-transition

Kenju Otsuka, Jubg-Yuan Ko, Shin-ichi Higashihara Shin-ichi Higashihara, Jyh‐Long Chern

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Quantum interference in a three-level atomic system with two fields operating in a /spl Lambda/ or V scheme has attracted much attention as a mechanism for the mediation of interactions between light and matter. Amplification and even laser-behavior without a population inversion can be produced by such a system. Kozyreff and Pandel have recently shown analytically and numerically that atomic interference in a microchip laser with a population inversion operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition should result in antiphase pulsations in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation point. The phenomenon has been observed in a LiNdP/sub 4/O/sub 12/ (LNP) laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-scheme consisting of /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/(1)/spl rarr//sup 4/I/sub 11/2/(2,3) transitions in a limited pump power region. This paper outlines our demonstration of peculiar large-amplitude periodic pulsations in an intracavity frequency-doubled microchip LNP laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition and contains a theoretical confirmation of the mechanism for these pulsations.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.961914

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Summary form only given. Quantum interference in a three-level atomic system with two fields operating in a /spl Lambda/ or V scheme has attracted much attention as a mechanism for the mediation of interactions between light and matter. Amplification and even laser-behavior without a population inversion can be produced by such a system. Kozyreff and Pandel have recently shown analytically and numerically that atomic interference in a microchip laser with a population inversion operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition should result in antiphase pulsations in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation point. The phenomenon has been observed in a LiNdP/sub 4/O/sub 12/ (LNP) laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-scheme consisting of /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/(1)/spl rarr//sup 4/I/sub 11/2/(2,3) transitions in a limited pump power region. This paper outlines our demonstration of peculiar large-amplitude periodic pulsations in an intracavity frequency-doubled microchip LNP laser operating on a /spl Lambda/-transition and contains a theoretical confirmation of the mechanism for these pulsations.
In a LiNdP 4 O 12 microchip laser pumped by a diode laser, atomic interference arise due to the simultaneous oscillation on two transitions forming a Λ configuration. For a microchip laser, the low-frequency coherence is an important dynamical variable. It is coupled to the low spatial frequency of the population inversion grating. This results in modal intensities which are self-pulsing while the total intensity remains nearly constant. In addition, the modal power spectra display combinations of the relaxation oscillation frequencies which are absent in the power spectrum of the total output power.
We have calculated the interference spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a four-level atom interacting with three laser fields, where two of them are on two-photon resonance with the three levels forming a `Λ' scheme while the third laser operates between the second ground and the second excited states of the atom. It is shown that in the low-intensity limit of all three laser fields, the third laser field destroys the destructive interference that occurs between the spontaneous radiative decay and the process arising from the combined field of all the three laser fields. The result is that the overall intensity of the peak at the centre of the line depends on the strength of the third laser field and it takes negative values indicating that light amplification without population inversion (LAWI) is likely to occur at the one-photon frequency. The antisymmetric two-photon state of the two lower levels as well as the two-photon process, where one laser photon is absorbed and another laser photon is emitted simultaneously by the second excited state of the atom, is found to exhibit LAWI at the one-photon frequency. The derived results are graphically presented and discussed.
Summary form only given.It was shown recently that in the double-/spl Lambda/ scheme both cw and self-pulsing regimes can occur, and it is possible to move from one to another regime just by changing the intensity of the driving field or Q factor of the cavity. Although convincing lasing without inversion (LWI) was not achieved, lasing was realized essentially below the conventional threshold and inversionless gain was obtained. It is known that in general two different mechanisms of LWI appear and interfere each other in this scheme. The first mechanism is based on the phenomenon of the coherent population trapping and is connected to an excitation of the low-frequency coherence between two levels of the ground atomic state by bichromatic driving field. The second mechanism represents itself as a kind of resonant anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the driving-field into the lasing field and is associated with the low-frequency coherence induced between two levels of the excited atomic state. The main goal of this paper is to study the role, contribution, and interplay of these two mechanisms into the dynamical behavior of LWI. We study it both analytically and numerically on the basis of the corresponding set of the Maxwell-Bloch equations in the case of resonant driving.
We characterize analytically the nature of the lasing solutions of a laser operating without population inversion. We consider models involving three-level media interacting with a strong driving field and a lasing field in the vicinity of the lasing threshold. We assess the influence of different relaxation and pumping schemes on the dynamics of these lasers. We use the atom-field detuning, the cavity detuning, and the linear gain as bifurcation parameters. Depending on their values, the stable lasing solution is shown to be cw or self-pulsing. We show that the optimal lasing operation is achieved if both the driving field frequency and the cavity frequency are out of resonance with the atomic frequencies. Physically, the lasing regimes arise from nonlinearly interacting sidebands induced in the lasing medium by atomic interference.
Considerable attention has been directed recently to the study of lasing without the need of population inversion. The optical coherence and quantum interference associated with the light amplification may lead to interesting statistical properties in inversionless lasers. Here we analyze a laser model that consists of an ensemble of closed multi-level (three or four levels) atoms driven by a single coherent field. Unlike conventional lasers where population inversion is maintained and kept at the threshold value for arbitrary laser output, the multi-level laser analyzed here can start lasing from population inversion and evolves from population inversion into non-inversion with the increasing atomic pumping. In other words, the system makes transition from light amplification by population inversion into light amplification by coherence. On the other hand, the system can be also made to start lasing without population inversion in any state basis. In both cases, initial inversion and non-inversion, which are controlled by the ratio of spontaneous decay rates, the laser well above threshold is always maintained by lasing without inversion (light amplification by coherence), and the laser intensity fluctuations may drop below the shot noise limit. Two factors contribute to the noise reduction: first, the disappearance of the population inversion leads to the depleted atomic population in the upper lasing state, which reduces the spontaneous emission noises; second, the fast coherent cycling of electrons between excited states leads to the highly regulated absorption and emission processes. We found that the combination of these two mechanisms can lead to the noise reduction in the laser output more than 50% below the shot-noise limit.