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Chinese Physics Letters

Spatial Dispersion Induced by Cross-Phase Modulation

Shi Mei-Zhen, Chuangshe Li, Zuo Cui-Cui, Zhang Yan-Peng, Nie Zhi-Qiang, Zheng Huai-Bin, Li Chang-Biao, Jianping Song, Gan Chen-Li

Published Jan 1, 2010• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate our experiment of controlling spatial displacements of the probe beam induced by the cross-Kerr effect in a three-level V-type atomic system. By increasing the atomic density or the intensity of strong control laser beams, spatial displacements are enhanced. We further study the difference of effects from the atomic density and the laser intensity. In addition, the spatial displacement efficiencies of the probe beam in different energy level atomic systems are compared. Such studies of controlling spatial displacements can have potential applications in soliton deflection, spatial optical switch and generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multi-level EIT systems.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/27/1/014205

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We demonstrate our experiment of controlling spatial displacements of the probe beam induced by the cross-Kerr effect in a three-level V-type atomic system. By increasing the atomic density or the intensity of strong control laser beams, spatial displacements are enhanced. We further study the difference of effects from the atomic density and the laser intensity. In addition, the spatial displacement efficiencies of the probe beam in different energy level atomic systems are compared. Such studies of controlling spatial displacements can have potential applications in soliton deflection, spatial optical switch and generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multi-level EIT systems.
Spatial displacements of the probe and generated four-wave mixing beams are observed in a three-level V-type, as well as a two-level atomic system near resonance. The observed spatial shift curves reflect the typical enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinear dispersion properties in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems. The spatial beam displacements are controlled by the strong control laser beam and the atomic density. Studying such controlled spatial beam shifts can be important in image storage and in generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multilevel EIT systems.
We report our experimental observations of spatial shift and splitting of four-wave mixing (FWM) signal beams induced by additional dressing laser beams. These effects are caused by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence in a two-level atomic system. The spatial separation and number of the split FWM beams can both be controlled by the intensity of the dressing beam, the Kerr nonlinearity, and atomic density. Theoretical results agree quite well with the observations. Studies of such controlled beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications for spatial signal processing.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
A four-level inverted-Y scheme with an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) core is investigated for the enhancement of cross-Kerr effect in rubidium atoms. When detunings of the coupling and control fields are appropriately set, an enhanced EIT window is observed, and the induced phase shift of the probe field due to cross-phase modulation (XPM) is obtained by measuring the dispersive property of the probe transition. The maximal XPM phase shift is about 12° under the current experimental conditions. The experimental measurements agree well with the theoretical calculations. The enhanced XPM phase shift in such an atomic system has applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.
We consider propagation of a weakly nonlinear probe light beam in a resonant three-level atomic system where an optical lattice is induced by a standing-wave control field and conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency are created. We employ a unified theory to solve the respective nonlinear system of equations in various regimes and investigate formation of spatial optical solitons and instabilities, both analytically and numerically. We show that the effect of the lattice is twofold. On the one hand it allows one to reduce the probe beam intensity necessary for observation of nonlinear effects until the level of one-photon energy, and on the other hand the lattice allows for implementation of different dynamical regimes either by simple manipulation of its parameters or by varying one- and two-photon detunings or by changing the geometry of the incident probe beam.