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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced spatial nonlinear dispersion of four-wave mixing

Yanpeng Zhang, Zhiqiang Nie, Huaibin Zheng, Changbiao Li, Jianping Song, Min Xiao

Published Jul 30, 2009• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spatial displacements of the probe and generated four-wave mixing beams are observed in a three-level V-type, as well as a two-level atomic system near resonance. The observed spatial shift curves reflect the typical enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinear dispersion properties in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems. The spatial beam displacements are controlled by the strong control laser beam and the atomic density. Studying such controlled spatial beam shifts can be important in image storage and in generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multilevel EIT systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.013835

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Spatial displacements of the probe and generated four-wave mixing beams are observed in a three-level V-type, as well as a two-level atomic system near resonance. The observed spatial shift curves reflect the typical enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinear dispersion properties in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems. The spatial beam displacements are controlled by the strong control laser beam and the atomic density. Studying such controlled spatial beam shifts can be important in image storage and in generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multilevel EIT systems.
We demonstrate our experiment of controlling spatial displacements of the probe beam induced by the cross-Kerr effect in a three-level V-type atomic system. By increasing the atomic density or the intensity of strong control laser beams, spatial displacements are enhanced. We further study the difference of effects from the atomic density and the laser intensity. In addition, the spatial displacement efficiencies of the probe beam in different energy level atomic systems are compared. Such studies of controlling spatial displacements can have potential applications in soliton deflection, spatial optical switch and generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multi-level EIT systems.
We experimentally report that electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the nonlinear propagation of probe beam, four-wave mixing (FWM) images and in a cascade three-level atomic systems. It is shown that by changing the frequency between pumping fields or dressing fields, respectively, the properties of the measured signals including the intensity and spatial images are affected greatly, including the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), Aulter-Townes splitting. By changing the laser frequency we can control the four wave signal, Moreover, the AT splitting effect due to spontaneous emission was also observed under EIT conditions..
We report our experimental observations of spatial shift and splitting of four-wave mixing (FWM) signal beams induced by additional dressing laser beams. These effects are caused by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence in a two-level atomic system. The spatial separation and number of the split FWM beams can both be controlled by the intensity of the dressing beam, the Kerr nonlinearity, and atomic density. Theoretical results agree quite well with the observations. Studies of such controlled beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications for spatial signal processing.
We have studied nonlinear quantum optical effects in a doubly driven four-level atomic system in a homogeneously broadened regime. On application of two strong fields the system can be made to display double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) because of constructive quantum interference giving rise to nonlinear absorption at three-photon resonance condition. This fact may be used to obtain other phenomena like the effect of photon switching in a pulsed regime and large cross phase modulation (XPM) effect. We also show that the behaviour of spatial modulation of transparency of the weak probe beam in a three-level system interacted with a strong standing wave pump field can be dramatically changed in our four-level ladder type system. Here, strong coupling field acting on the uppermost transition is represented by a standing wave whereas strong pump and weak probe fields acting successively on the lower transitions are represented by travelling waves. The effect of double EIT on nonlinear light generation based on the four-wave-mixing (FWM) technique is also investigated. We have examined that the four wave mixing efficiency can be effectively controlled by varying the strength of the pump field.
A four-level inverted-Y scheme with an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) core is investigated for the enhancement of cross-Kerr effect in rubidium atoms. When detunings of the coupling and control fields are appropriately set, an enhanced EIT window is observed, and the induced phase shift of the probe field due to cross-phase modulation (XPM) is obtained by measuring the dispersive property of the probe transition. The maximal XPM phase shift is about 12° under the current experimental conditions. The experimental measurements agree well with the theoretical calculations. The enhanced XPM phase shift in such an atomic system has applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
Abstract We study various coherent optical properties, e.g., two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (TPEIT/TPEIA), in a four-level ladder (Ξ)-type system of 87Rb atoms, where the probe and control fields are Gaussian-shaped laser beams and the pump field is structured laser beam. Additionally, the generated four-wave mixing (FWM) signal has been studied. Interestingly, it is found that the generated FWM signal is spatially structured along with the azimuthal phase, which carries the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. It is also observed that the coherent optical responses (EIT, TPEIT/TPEIA, and FWM signals) can be manipulated by utilizing the OAM number of the pump beam as a control knob.