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Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience

A more realistic quantum mechanical model of conscious perception during binocular rivalry

Mohammad Reza Paraan, Fatemeh Bakouie, Shahriar Gharibzadeh

Published Jan 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3389/fncom.2014.00015

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Quantum Cognition : A comment to the paper entitled : A More Realistic Quantum Mechanical Model of Conscious Perception During Binocularly rivalry by Mohammad Reza Paraan,Fatemeh Bakouie and Shahriar Gharibzadeh.

Elio Conte

I discuss briefly the foundations of quantum cognition taking as reference an article that appeared on Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Keywords: consciousness, quantum state, mixed state, probability distribution, dominance duration, quantum superposition principle, quantum collapse, quantum cognition , cognitive science In Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience , general commentary , the authors M. Reza Paraan, F. Bakouie and S. Gharibzadeh ,in date 20 February , 2014(doi:10.3389/fncom.2014.00015) (Paraan M.R. et al, 2014) published a paper entitled A More Realistic Quantum Mechanical Model of Conscious Perception During Binocularly rivalry , discussing and criticizing the basic experimental and theoretical results that I and Khrennikov obtained (Conte E. et al.,2009) examining the possible role of quantum mechanics during the perception and the cognition of ambiguous figures. First of all we retain that , in order to criticize the results of authors , it is appropriate that scholars are aware about all the articulated research that the criticized authors have explained about the matter so to be sure to have fully explored all the obtained results. This is the reason to report in references a long list of publications that such authors have realized (). Unfortunately it may happen that scholars sometimes have not the opportunity to look at all the scientific production of another author and in some cases instead it may contribute to a better definition of his/her production. The feature that such authors seem to outline , is contained in the following their sentence : Technically, a wave-function is a superposition of all the real possible states of a quantum system. We believe that this is an inappropriate take on the problem which leads to inconsistencies within the model. The developers of these two quantum mechanical models believe that the actualization of each quantum state is equal to the activation of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) of the corresponding perception; a state is actualized when a quantum system is measured (observed) and subsequently its wave-function collapses to that constituent state. Therefore, we believe that wave-function is not a legitimate representation, because it does not describe a real state of a system and is doomed to collapse, and on the other hand, specific NCC of MS (Mixed States duration) or that of indeterminate perception demand a distinct associated quantum state. Their model takes into account the periods when their subjects report indeterminate perception. Indeterminate perception resembles MS in that they are both mental states and are mediated by specific neural correlates. But Conte et al. represent indeterminacy state by the wave-function of the two-state system rather than an additional third quantum state. Technically, a wave-function is a superposition of all the real possible states of a quantum system. We believe that this is an inappropriate take on the problem which leads to inconsistencies within the model (Paraan M.R. et al, 2014).

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Quantum Physics of Vision Theoretical Discussion

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Do neural activities of binocular rivalry follow a quantum probability model? A test of temporal Bell inequalities

Hirao Takahiro, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Emmanuel Pothos +3 more

Binocular rivalry refers to a phenomenon in which the perceived image changes spontaneously over time when the two eyes are presented with different images. The purpose of this study is to test whether the violation of temporal Bell inequality can be experimentally observed in binocular rivalry. If the temporal Bell inequality is violated (under no-signaling in time: NSIT), it implies that the perception of the rival stimuli cannot be assumed to be definite at each point in time (i.e., “realism” in the corresponding mental representations is violated), which is a key indication of non-classical behavior (as in, for example, quantum-like systems). Here, to test the violation of the inequality, we used binocular rivalry and measured both subjective reports and electroencephalogram (EEG). With EEG, we used frequency-tagging technique to track the cortical signal driven by each eye’s stimulus, known as the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). We present the conceptual and methodological approaches to test the temporal Bell inequality.

•Dec 8, 2021•0 citations

Is Quantum Mechanics Needed to Explain Consciousness?

K. Thomsen

In this short comment to a recent contribution by E. Manousakis [1] it is argued that the reported agreement between the measured time evolution of conscious states during binocular rivalry and predictions derived from quantum mechanical formalisms does not require any direct effect of QM. The recursive consumption analysis process in the Ouroboros Model can yield the same behavior.

arXiv:0711.1976•NeuroQuantology•Feb 22, 2008•6 citations
I discuss briefly the foundations of quantum cognition taking as reference an article that appeared on Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Keywords: consciousness, quantum state, mixed state, probability distribution, dominance duration, quantum superposition principle, quantum collapse, quantum cognition , cognitive science In Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience , general commentary , the authors M. Reza Paraan, F. Bakouie and S. Gharibzadeh ,in date 20 February , 2014(doi:10.3389/fncom.2014.00015) (Paraan M.R. et al, 2014) published a paper entitled A More Realistic Quantum Mechanical Model of Conscious Perception During Binocularly rivalry , discussing and criticizing the basic experimental and theoretical results that I and Khrennikov obtained (Conte E. et al.,2009) examining the possible role of quantum mechanics during the perception and the cognition of ambiguous figures. First of all we retain that , in order to criticize the results of authors , it is appropriate that scholars are aware about all the articulated research that the criticized authors have explained about the matter so to be sure to have fully explored all the obtained results. This is the reason to report in references a long list of publications that such authors have realized (). Unfortunately it may happen that scholars sometimes have not the opportunity to look at all the scientific production of another author and in some cases instead it may contribute to a better definition of his/her production. The feature that such authors seem to outline , is contained in the following their sentence : Technically, a wave-function is a superposition of all the real possible states of a quantum system. We believe that this is an inappropriate take on the problem which leads to inconsistencies within the model. The developers of these two quantum mechanical models believe that the actualization of each quantum state is equal to the activation of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) of the corresponding perception; a state is actualized when a quantum system is measured (observed) and subsequently its wave-function collapses to that constituent state. Therefore, we believe that wave-function is not a legitimate representation, because it does not describe a real state of a system and is doomed to collapse, and on the other hand, specific NCC of MS (Mixed States duration) or that of indeterminate perception demand a distinct associated quantum state. Their model takes into account the periods when their subjects report indeterminate perception. Indeterminate perception resembles MS in that they are both mental states and are mediated by specific neural correlates. But Conte et al. represent indeterminacy state by the wave-function of the two-state system rather than an additional third quantum state. Technically, a wave-function is a superposition of all the real possible states of a quantum system. We believe that this is an inappropriate take on the problem which leads to inconsistencies within the model (Paraan M.R. et al, 2014).
Binocular rivalry refers to a phenomenon in which the perceived image changes spontaneously over time when the two eyes are presented with different images. The purpose of this study is to test whether the violation of temporal Bell inequality can be experimentally observed in binocular rivalry. If the temporal Bell inequality is violated (under no-signaling in time: NSIT), it implies that the perception of the rival stimuli cannot be assumed to be definite at each point in time (i.e., “realism” in the corresponding mental representations is violated), which is a key indication of non-classical behavior (as in, for example, quantum-like systems). Here, to test the violation of the inequality, we used binocular rivalry and measured both subjective reports and electroencephalogram (EEG). With EEG, we used frequency-tagging technique to track the cortical signal driven by each eye’s stimulus, known as the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). We present the conceptual and methodological approaches to test the temporal Bell inequality.