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Optics Letters

Enhanced nondegenerate four-wave mixing owing to electromagnetically induced transparency in a spectral hole-burning crystal

Byoung Seung HAM, M. S. Shahriar, Philip Hemmer

Published Aug 1, 1997• 173 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have demonstrated electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an inhomogeneously broadened spectral hole-burning system of Pr(3+)-doped Y(2)SiO(5) at 6 K. We have also shown enhancement of four-wave mixing under conditions of reduced absorption. This demonstration opens the possibilities of pursuing EIT applications such as high-resolution optical image processing and optical data storage in solids.

DOI
10.1364/ol.22.001138

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 20, 2003•0 citations
We have demonstrated electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an inhomogeneously broadened spectral hole-burning system of Pr(3+)-doped Y(2)SiO(5) at 6 K. We have also shown enhancement of four-wave mixing under conditions of reduced absorption. This demonstration opens the possibilities of pursuing EIT applications such as high-resolution optical image processing and optical data storage in solids.
Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.
We study Lambda-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cryogenically-cooled, europium and praseodymium doped yttrium orthosilicate (Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO). We use spectral hole burning techniques to vary the optical inhomogeneous width of the sub-ensemble of atoms participating in the EIT. The effect of inhomogeneous broadening has been studied in the context of Doppler broadened gases, but less so in solids where motional effects are absent and the coherence is not limited by the transit of atoms through the optical field. Rare earth doped crystals, like many solid-state systems, exhibit spectral hole burning in which a narrowband laser field optically pumps atoms to states in the ground manifold that are dark with respect to the applied field, opening up a transparency window that persists after the pumping laser is shuttered. More complex sequences of fields at multiple frequencies can create arbitrary spectral profiles, within bounds set by the particular energy level structure of the atoms. For both Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO, there are three hyperfine ground states and three hyperfine excited states (at zero magnetic field) and all nine transitions are dipole-allowed with varying transition strengths. We use spectral hole-burning techniques to prepare a sub-ensemble of atoms in a particular frequency class and a particular ground spin state, while also pumping atoms out of another ground state to create a Lambda system. We observe the same functional dependence of the EIT width on the optical inhomogeneous width and independently calibrated control field Rabi frequency in both systems.
We report an experimental observation of the enhancement of nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a lambda-type three-level system of rubidium atoms. We measured both the linear susceptibility Im chi(D)((1)) (absorption) and the third-order nonlinear coefficient chi(D)((3)) separately for the NDFWM process at a low atomic density. We found that, owing to the EIT effect, the linear absorption term Im chi(D)((1)) is greatly reduced, while the nonlinear generation term chi(D)((3)) is resonantly enhanced, permitting us to observe a significant enhancement of the NDFWM signal in an optically dense medium.
Summary form only given. In a three-level system, optical refractive indices can be changed due to the atom-field interactions. Especially in a short time scale (t/spl Lt/ /spl gamma/), a resonant strong electromagnetic field can change the absorption coefficient strongly so that another resonant electromagnetic field which has a different frequency can pass through without experiencing any absorption in an optically dense medium. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). There have been many studies of EIT in atomic vapors and solids for potential applications to nonlinear optical processes such as enhanced four-wave mixing, lasers without inversion, frequency up-conversion lasers, and optical memory. We report efficient phase conjugation based on EIT in an in homogeneously broadened solid system of Pr/sup 3+/ doped yttrium silicate.