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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Efficient phase conjugation using Raman dark resonances in an optically dense crystal

Byoung Seung HAM, Philip Hemmer, M. S. Shahriar

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. In a three-level system, optical refractive indices can be changed due to the atom-field interactions. Especially in a short time scale (t/spl Lt/ /spl gamma/), a resonant strong electromagnetic field can change the absorption coefficient strongly so that another resonant electromagnetic field which has a different frequency can pass through without experiencing any absorption in an optically dense medium. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). There have been many studies of EIT in atomic vapors and solids for potential applications to nonlinear optical processes such as enhanced four-wave mixing, lasers without inversion, frequency up-conversion lasers, and optical memory. We report efficient phase conjugation based on EIT in an in homogeneously broadened solid system of Pr/sup 3+/ doped yttrium silicate.

DOI
10.1109/cleo.1999.834519

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Summary form only given. In a three-level system, optical refractive indices can be changed due to the atom-field interactions. Especially in a short time scale (t/spl Lt/ /spl gamma/), a resonant strong electromagnetic field can change the absorption coefficient strongly so that another resonant electromagnetic field which has a different frequency can pass through without experiencing any absorption in an optically dense medium. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). There have been many studies of EIT in atomic vapors and solids for potential applications to nonlinear optical processes such as enhanced four-wave mixing, lasers without inversion, frequency up-conversion lasers, and optical memory. We report efficient phase conjugation based on EIT in an in homogeneously broadened solid system of Pr/sup 3+/ doped yttrium silicate.
Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.
We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
We report an experimental observation of the enhancement of nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a lambda-type three-level system of rubidium atoms. We measured both the linear susceptibility Im chi(D)((1)) (absorption) and the third-order nonlinear coefficient chi(D)((3)) separately for the NDFWM process at a low atomic density. We found that, owing to the EIT effect, the linear absorption term Im chi(D)((1)) is greatly reduced, while the nonlinear generation term chi(D)((3)) is resonantly enhanced, permitting us to observe a significant enhancement of the NDFWM signal in an optically dense medium.