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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Novel linear and nonlinear optical properties of electromagnetically induced transparency systems

Min Xiao

Published Jan 1, 2003• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2002.807973

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We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity.
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Summary form only given. Nonlinear optical properties of an atomic medium can be modified by coherence and quantum interference that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Because of the vanishing linear absorption and large enhancement of nonlinearities in an EIT medium, nonlinear optics may be studied at low light levels. We report studies of light absorption and parametric amplification based on the EIT enhanced third-order nonlinearity in a four-level atomic system. We have observed the enhanced nonlinear absorption when two coupling lasers and one probe laser are present. We are in the process of preparing the experiments for the double EIT demonstration and observation of the efficient parametric amplification in the four-level system. Because the experimental system is essentially free of Doppler broadening, quantitative comparisons between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculations can readily be achieved.
The advent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) offered a new coherent material with exotic and controllable optical properties. Although, studies on single-EIT are described in detail for single-EIT, however, extension from single- to multi- EIT is currently of current interest due to it gains advantages in multi-channel optical communication, waveguides for optical signal processing and multi-channel quantum information processing. In this work, we review recent research works concerning multi-EIT and some related applications, as controlling group velocity of light, giant Kerr nonlinearity, optical bistability. A special attention of the review also gives for analytical interpretations of EIT spectrum, its dispersion and related applications such as EIT enhanced Kerr nonlinearity and optical bistability to give physics insight. From experimental point of view, a latest development for measuring multi-EIT spectrum and its dispersion in hot medium is presented and compared to theoretical analytical representations.
The atomic optical bistability (AOB) in multi-level systems has advantages over the two-level system as absorption, dispersion, and nonlinear optical properties of one optical field coupled to one atomic transition can be greatly modified by other optical fields coupled to other connected nearby atomic transitions in multi-level atomic systems due to induced atomic coherences. By making use of such changes in linear and nonlinear optical properties around resonance, which are related to the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), it is easy to manipulate and control nonlinear optical processes in the multi-level atomic systems. We review earlier two-level AOB theory, as well as experiments and some recent studies that made use of multi-level atomic EIT systems in achieving controls of nonlinear optical processes such as instabilities and stochastic resonance associated with the coupled atom–cavity systems.