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Optics and Photonics News

Light Controlling Light with Enhanced Kerr Nonlinearity

Min Xiao, Hai Wang, David J. Goorskey

Published Sep 1, 2002• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Kerr nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level atomic medium can be greatly enhanced by atomic coherence induced by two laser beams. Such electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) media can be used to generate efficient nonlinear optical processes at low light intensities. Control and enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity in EIT media can be useful in all-optical communication, all-optical computing, and quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/opn.13.9.000044

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Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.

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Scientific Reports•Jan 18, 2024•10 citations
The Kerr nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level atomic medium can be greatly enhanced by atomic coherence induced by two laser beams. Such electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) media can be used to generate efficient nonlinear optical processes at low light intensities. Control and enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity in EIT media can be useful in all-optical communication, all-optical computing, and quantum information processing.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
We describe some interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties of three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems, such as absorption reduction, sharp dispersion change, and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. These novel optical properties are very useful in enhancing efficient nonlinear optical processes, which can find applications in optoelectronic devices. We present some experiments done in our group in the past few years with three-level atomic systems, especially more recent experiments with EIT medium inside an optical cavity.
The advent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) offered a new coherent material with exotic and controllable optical properties. Although, studies on single-EIT are described in detail for single-EIT, however, extension from single- to multi- EIT is currently of current interest due to it gains advantages in multi-channel optical communication, waveguides for optical signal processing and multi-channel quantum information processing. In this work, we review recent research works concerning multi-EIT and some related applications, as controlling group velocity of light, giant Kerr nonlinearity, optical bistability. A special attention of the review also gives for analytical interpretations of EIT spectrum, its dispersion and related applications such as EIT enhanced Kerr nonlinearity and optical bistability to give physics insight. From experimental point of view, a latest development for measuring multi-EIT spectrum and its dispersion in hot medium is presented and compared to theoretical analytical representations.
We propose to use a five-level cascade system to enhance self-Kerr nonlinearity under an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) condition. Using density-matrix theory, an expression of the self-Kerr nonlinear coefficient for a weak probe light is derived. Variations of the self-Kerr coefficient with respect to the frequency and intensity of a strong coupling light are investigated. The Kerr nonlinearity is basically modified and enhanced greatly in the spectral regions corresponding to EIT transparent windows. Furthermore, the sign, slope, and magnitude of the self-Kerr coefficient can be controlled with the frequency and intensity of the coupling light. Such a controllable Kerr nonlinearity can find interesting applications in optoelectronic devices working with low light intensity at multiple frequencies.
Summary form only given. Nonlinear optical properties of an atomic medium can be modified by coherence and quantum interference that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Because of the vanishing linear absorption and large enhancement of nonlinearities in an EIT medium, nonlinear optics may be studied at low light levels. We report studies of light absorption and parametric amplification based on the EIT enhanced third-order nonlinearity in a four-level atomic system. We have observed the enhanced nonlinear absorption when two coupling lasers and one probe laser are present. We are in the process of preparing the experiments for the double EIT demonstration and observation of the efficient parametric amplification in the four-level system. Because the experimental system is essentially free of Doppler broadening, quantitative comparisons between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculations can readily be achieved.
In this work, we present an analytical method to achieve giant Kerr nonlinearity without absorption in a five-level atomic medium. By using iterative perturbation technique on density matrix equations, we have derived the analytical expressions of nonlinear susceptibility and Kerr nonlinear coefficient in the presence of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and relative phase between applied laser fields. It shows that, this five-level atomic medium exhibits multiple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at three different frequencies, at the same time, the Kerr nonlinear coefficient is enhanced around three transparent spectral regions; in each such EIT region appears a pair of positive-negative peaks of Kerr nonlinear coefficient. In particular, these nonlinear peaks are moved to the center of the EIT windows via SGC. This means that the Kerr nonlinear coefficient is enhanced with completely suppressed absorption at different transparency frequencies. Furthermore, the magnitude and the sign of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient are easily controlled according to the SGC strength, the coupling laser intensity, and the relative phase between applied laser fields. Such a giant nonlinear medium can be useful for photonic devices working in the resonant frequency region without absorption. As a typical application, this giant Kerr nonlinear material has been applied to an interferometer for the formation of optical bistability, and showed the appearance of OB at the resonant frequency with significantly reduced threshold intensity and OB width.