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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Asymmetric Quantum Codes: Characterization and Constructions

Long Wang, Keqin Feng, San Ling, Chaoping Xing

Published May 27, 2010• 78 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The stabilizer method for constructing a class of asymmetric quantum codes (AQC), called additive AQC, has been established by Aly et.al. In this paper, we present a new characterization of AQC, which generalizes a result of the symmetric case known previously. As an application of the characterization, we establish a relationship of AQC with classical error-correcting codes and show a few examples of good AQC with specific parameters. By using this relationship, we obtain an asymptotic bound on AQCs from algebraic geometry codes.

DOI
10.1109/tit.2010.2046221

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The stabilizer method for constructing a class of asymmetric quantum codes (AQC), called additive AQC, has been established by Aly et.al. In this paper, we present a new characterization of AQC, which generalizes a result of the symmetric case known previously. As an application of the characterization, we establish a relationship of AQC with classical error-correcting codes and show a few examples of good AQC with specific parameters. By using this relationship, we obtain an asymptotic bound on AQCs from algebraic geometry codes.
This thesis focuses on the construction and analysis of the parameters of asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQECCs). We use the so-called functional approach to connect AQECCs to classical codes via orthogonal arrays. Based on the functional approach, we derive pure AQECCs from CSS-like constructions that include the standard CSS construction known prior to this work. The CSS-like constructions remove both the specific choice of Euclidean inner product and the $\F_{q}$-linearity condition imposed by the standard variant. Hence, pure AQECCs can now be constructed by using pairs of nested $\F_{r}$-linear codes over $\F_{q}$ where $\F_{r}$ is any subfield of $\F_{q}$ under the Euclidean, trace Euclidean, Hermitian, and trace Hermitian inner products. Relationships between the various CSS-like constructions are also exhibited. A formal definition of asymmetric stabilizer codes is given and a connection between pure asymmetric stabilizer codes and AQECCs derived from the CSS-like constructions is established. It is shown that the class of pure CSS-like AQECCs forms a subset of asymmetric stabilizer codes. We show how classical linear MDS codes can be used to construct AQECCs that satisfy the quantum Singleton bound with dz≥dx≥2d_{z} \geq d_{x}\geq 2dz​≥dx​≥2 for all possible values of length nnn for which linear MDS codes over $\F_{q}$ are known to exist. Beyond the lengths specified by the classical MDS conjecture, various explicit constructions of nested pairs of classical codes can be combined with linear programming to establish the optimality of pure CSS-like codes with parameters [[n,k,dz/dx]]q[[n,k,d_{z}/d_{x}]]_{q}[[n,k,dz​/dx​]]q​. For q={2,3,4,5,7,8,9}q=\{2,3,4,5,7,8,9\}q={2,3,4,5,7,8,9}, lists of optimal asymmetric CSS-like codes for reasonable lengths are presented.
It is known that quantum error correction can be achieved using classical binary codes or additive codes over F/sub 4/. Asymptotically good quantum codes have been constructed from algebraic-geometry codes and a bound on (/spl delta/, R) was computed from the Tsfasman-Vladut-Zink bound of the theory of classical algebraic-geometry codes. In this correspondence, by the use of a concatenation technique we construct a family of asymptotically good quantum codes exceeding the bound in a small interval.
Recently, quantum error-correcting codes have been proposed that capitalize on the fact that many physical error models lead to a significant asymmetry between the probabilities for bit- and phase-flip errors. An example for a channel that exhibits such asymmetry is the combined amplitude damping and dephasing channel, where the probabilities of bit and phase flips can be related to relaxation and dephasing time, respectively. We study asymmetric quantum codes that are obtained from the Calderbank–Shor–Steane (CSS) construction. For such codes, we derive upper bounds on the code parameters using linear programming. A central result of this paper is the explicit construction of some new families of asymmetric quantum stabilizer codes from pairs of nested classical codes. For instance, we derive asymmetric codes using a combination of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) and finite geometry low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We show that the asymmetric quantum codes offer two advantages, namely to allow a higher rate without sacrificing performance when compared with symmetric codes and vice versa to allow a higher performance when compared with symmetric codes of comparable rates. Our approach is based on a CSS construction that combines BCH and finite geometry LDPC codes.
In this paper, we construct asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes(AQCs) based on subclasses of Alternant codes. Firstly, We propose a new subclass of Alternant codes which can attain the classical Gilbert-Varshamov bound to construct AQCs. It is shown that when dx= 2, Z-parts of the AQCs can attain the classical Gilbert-Varshamov bound. Then we construct AQCs based on a famous subclass of Alternant codes called Goppa codes. As an illustrative example, we get three [[55, 6, 19/4]], [[55, 10, 19/3]], [[55, 15, 19/2]] AQCs from the well known [55, 16, 19] binary Goppa code. At last, we get asymptotically good binary expansions of asymmetric quantum GRS codes, which are quantum generalizations of Retter's classical results. All the AQCs constructed in this paper are pure.