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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Strong-field nonlinear response of quantum dots

Todd H. Stievater, Anthony S. Lenihan, Duncan G. Steel, D. Gammon, Douglas Scott Katzer, D. Park

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. Recent studies have been carried out on the resonant response from single interface fluctuation quantum dots. Such a discrete-level model yields unique signatures under strong resonant driving, including Rabi oscillations. To date, Rabi oscillations (excluding microcavity studies) have only been reported for two-dimensional excitonic systems. We present data showing the nonlinear response from an ensemble of interface fluctuation quantum dots. This data is consistent with Rabi oscillations for moderate driving fields (that is, for /spl Theta//spl sim/2/spl pi/, where /spl Theta/ is the pulse area). The sample under investigation is a single thin (62 /spl Aring/) GaAs/Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum well grown with growth interruptions and is studied at 5 K. The laser is tuned to the lower energy excitonic resonance, corresponding to an inhomogeneously broadened distribution of excitons localized due to well width fluctuations. The time-integrated PL is collected with a spectrometer tuned 2.5 meV below the excitonic resonance.

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The focus of the thesis is nonlinear transient optical properties and coherent control of single interface fluctuation quantum dots (QD's). When single exciton and biexciton resonances were driven by strong resonant laser pulses, Rabi oscillations of these transitions were observed in the differential transmission (DT) geometry. These results extend the concept of coherent control to the limit of single quantum confined systems in solids and have important implications for the feasibility of building quantum information processing devices using semiconductor QD's. Exciton Rabi oscillations are equivalent to arbitrary single-bit operations. The pulsed control of the exciton-biexciton transition is utilized as the optical operation for building a two-bit controlled rotational gates (CROT) in a single QD. A fidelity of 0.79 was obtained from numerical evaluation of the gate operation itself assuming typical decay parameters measured from these dots. Next, the nonradiative quantum coherence between two orthogonally polarized excitons confined in a single QD was studied. By using pulses with large enough bandwidth and the proper polarization, two exciton states are simultaneously excited. The quantum beats between the two exciton states were temporally resolved as the relative phase between the two dipole oscillations changed. It was found that the nonradiative coherence time is limited by the lifetimes of the excitons involved even in the strong field regime. In the basis of the pseudo-spin Bloch vectors of exciton transitions, the total wavefunction following the pulsed excitation is an entangled state, i.e. the wavefunction is non-factorizable. Finally, the quantum coherence between the biexciton, exciton, and the crystal ground states was studied in a novel quantum beat experiment, where the oscillations only existed when the pump and probe pulses overlapped in time. Laser pulses generated after a passive pulse shaper with just enough bandwidth to cover both the exciton and biexciton transitions were used in this experiment. The appearance of the beats is indicative of a reasonably long coherence time between the biexciton and other states even in the presence of strong pulsed excitations.

•Jan 1, 2003•0 citations
Summary form only given. Recent studies have been carried out on the resonant response from single interface fluctuation quantum dots. Such a discrete-level model yields unique signatures under strong resonant driving, including Rabi oscillations. To date, Rabi oscillations (excluding microcavity studies) have only been reported for two-dimensional excitonic systems. We present data showing the nonlinear response from an ensemble of interface fluctuation quantum dots. This data is consistent with Rabi oscillations for moderate driving fields (that is, for /spl Theta//spl sim/2/spl pi/, where /spl Theta/ is the pulse area). The sample under investigation is a single thin (62 /spl Aring/) GaAs/Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum well grown with growth interruptions and is studied at 5 K. The laser is tuned to the lower energy excitonic resonance, corresponding to an inhomogeneously broadened distribution of excitons localized due to well width fluctuations. The time-integrated PL is collected with a spectrometer tuned 2.5 meV below the excitonic resonance.
Summary form only given. We use transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy to demonstrate Rabi oscillations between each of the dipole coupled states, corresponding to qubit rotations. The interface fluctuation GaAs quantum dots are probed with sub-micron spatial resolution. The resonant excitation of the biexciton requires a two-color scheme in a hyper Raman gain configuration. To demonstrate exciton Rabi oscillations, the laser wavelength is fixed at the exciton resonance. Exciton and biexciton Rabi oscillations correspond to qubit rotations of the |00> to |01> or |10> state and the |01> or |10> to |11> state respectively, depending on the polarization of the excitation field.
Transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy, performed on excitons confined to single GaAs quantum dots, shows oscillations that are analogous to Rabi oscillations in two-level atomic systems. This demonstration corresponds to a one-qubit rotation in a single quantum dot which is important for proposals using quantum dot excitons for quantum computing. The dipole moment inferred from the data is consistent with that directly obtained from linear absorption studies. The measurement extends the artificial atom model of quantum dot excitonic transitions into the strong-field limit, and makes possible full coherent optical control of the quantum state of single excitons using optical pi pulses.
Nonlinear optical response and optical coherence of excitons in semiconductor dense quantum dots in GaAs single quantum wells has been studied by using photon echo techniques. At low temperatures, the optical coherence is estimated to be 2 ns from the decay curve in the photon echo signal. Rabi oscillations are also observed. Unlike the results for a single quantum dot in the literature to date, the oscillation shows nonlinear behavior affected strongly by the pre-excited carrier density. The results can be explained by the theory of the local field correction originating from exciton-exciton interaction between the inter dots.
Optical coherence time and nonlinear optical response of excitons localized to quantum dots in a GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well are investigated by the three-pulse photon echo technique. At low temperature, the optical coherence time is estimated to be 1.8 ns from the decay curve of the photon echo signal. The decay profile for short time delay shows the strong dependence on the input pulse area of the third pulse. Rabi oscillations are also observed. The oscillations exhibit nonlinear behavior, which is affected by the pre-excited polarization. Such behavior can be qualitatively explained by the local field effect due to the exciton-exciton interaction between the excitons.
The focus of the thesis is nonlinear transient optical properties and coherent control of single interface fluctuation quantum dots (QD's). When single exciton and biexciton resonances were driven by strong resonant laser pulses, Rabi oscillations of these transitions were observed in the differential transmission (DT) geometry. These results extend the concept of coherent control to the limit of single quantum confined systems in solids and have important implications for the feasibility of building quantum information processing devices using semiconductor QD's. Exciton Rabi oscillations are equivalent to arbitrary single-bit operations. The pulsed control of the exciton-biexciton transition is utilized as the optical operation for building a two-bit controlled rotational gates (CROT) in a single QD. A fidelity of 0.79 was obtained from numerical evaluation of the gate operation itself assuming typical decay parameters measured from these dots. Next, the nonradiative quantum coherence between two orthogonally polarized excitons confined in a single QD was studied. By using pulses with large enough bandwidth and the proper polarization, two exciton states are simultaneously excited. The quantum beats between the two exciton states were temporally resolved as the relative phase between the two dipole oscillations changed. It was found that the nonradiative coherence time is limited by the lifetimes of the excitons involved even in the strong field regime. In the basis of the pseudo-spin Bloch vectors of exciton transitions, the total wavefunction following the pulsed excitation is an entangled state, i.e. the wavefunction is non-factorizable. Finally, the quantum coherence between the biexciton, exciton, and the crystal ground states was studied in a novel quantum beat experiment, where the oscillations only existed when the pump and probe pulses overlapped in time. Laser pulses generated after a passive pulse shaper with just enough bandwidth to cover both the exciton and biexciton transitions were used in this experiment. The appearance of the beats is indicative of a reasonably long coherence time between the biexciton and other states even in the presence of strong pulsed excitations.