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IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD)

Partially-parallel LDPC decoder based on high-efficiency message-passing algorithm

Kazumi Shimizu, Tatsuyuki Ishikawa, Nozomu Togawa, Takeshi Ikenaga, Satoshi Goto

Published Aug 15, 2006• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a partially-parallel LDPC decoder based on a high-efficiency message-passing algorithm. Our proposed partially-parallel LDPC decoder performs the column operations for bit nodes in conjunction with the row operations for check nodes. Bit functional unit with pipeline architecture in our LDPC decoder allows us to perform column operations for every bit node connected to each of check nodes which are updated by the row operations in parallel. Our proposed LDPC decoder improves the tuning when the column operations are performed, accordingly it improves the message-passing efficiency within the limited number of iterations for decoding. We implemented the proposed partially-parallel LDPC decoder on an FPGA, and simulated its decoding performance. Practical simulation shows that our proposed LDPC decoder reduces the number of iterations for decoding, and it improves the bit error performance with a small hardware overhead.

DOI
10.1109/iccd.2005.83

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This paper proposes a partially-parallel LDPC decoder based on a high-efficiency message-passing algorithm. Our proposed partially-parallel LDPC decoder performs the column operations for bit nodes in conjunction with the row operations for check nodes. Bit functional unit with pipeline architecture in our LDPC decoder allows us to perform column operations for every bit node connected to each of check nodes which are updated by the row operations in parallel. Our proposed LDPC decoder improves the tuning when the column operations are performed, accordingly it improves the message-passing efficiency within the limited number of iterations for decoding. We implemented the proposed partially-parallel LDPC decoder on an FPGA, and simulated its decoding performance. Practical simulation shows that our proposed LDPC decoder reduces the number of iterations for decoding, and it improves the bit error performance with a small hardware overhead.
In this paper, we propose a partially-parallel LDPC decoder which achieves a high-efficiency message-passing schedule. The proposed LDPC decoder is characterized as follows: (i) The column operations follow the row operations in a pipelined architecture to ensure that the row and column operations are performed concurrently. (ii) The proposed parallel pipelined bit functional unit enables the column operation module to compute every message in each bit node which is updated by the row operations. These column operations can be performed without extending the single iterative decoding delay when the row and column operations are performed concurrently. Therefore, the proposed decoder performs the column operations more frequently in a single iterative decoding, and achieves a high-efficiency message-passing schedule within the limited decoding delay time. Hardware implementation on an FPGA and simulation results show that the proposed partially-parallel LDPC decoder improves the decoding throughput and bit error performance with a small hardware overhead.
This paper proposes a parallel LSI architecture for LDPC decoder which improves a message-passing schedule. The proposed LDPC decoder is characterized as follows: (i) the column operations follow the row operations in a pipelined architecture to ensure that the row and column operations are performed concurrently; and (ii) the proposed parallel pipelined bit functional unit enables the decoder to perform every column operation using the messages which is updated by the row operations. These column operations can be performed without extending the single iterative decoding delay. Hardware implementation and simulation results show that the proposed decoder improves the decoding throughput and bit error performance with a small hardware overhead
In this paper, the authors propose an efficient highly-parallel decoder architecture using partially overlapped decoding scheme for quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which leads to reduction in hardware complexity and power consumption. Generally, due to the regularly structured parity-check matrix H of QC LDPC codes, the message updating computations in the check node unit (CNU) and the variable node unit (VNU) can be efficiently overlapped, which increases the decoding throughput by maximizing the hardware utilization efficiency (HUE). However, the partially overlapped decoding scheme cannot be used to design a highly-parallel decoding architecture for high-throughput applications. For (3, 5)-regular QC LDPC codes, our proposed method could reduce the hardware complexity by approximately 33% for the CNU and 20% for the VNU in the highly-parallel decoder architecture without any performance degradation. In addition, the power consumption can be minimized by reducing the total number of memory accesses for updated messages.
The fully parallel LDPC decoding architecture can achieve high decoding throughput, but it suffers from large hardware complexity caused by a large set of processing units (PUs) and complex interconnections. A practical solution of area-efficient decoders is to use the partially parallel architecture in which a PU is shared for several rows or columns. It is important in the partially parallel architecture to determine the rows or columns to be processed in a PU and their processing order. The dependencies between rows and columns should be considered to minimize the overall processing time by overlapping the decoding operations. This paper proposes an efficient scheduling algorithm that can be applied to general LDPC codes, which is based on the concept of matrix permutation. Experimental results show that the proposed scheduling achieves a higher decoding rate, leading to a reduction of 25% processing time on average. A 1024-bit rate-1/2 LDPC decoder, employing the proposed scheduling algorithm, provides almost 1 Gbps decoding throughput and occupies one-fifth the area compared to the fully parallel decoder.
This paper presents a resource efficient LDPC decoder architecture. The algorithm used for decoding LDPC is the min-sum algorithm. The decoder reduces the inter-connect complexity by restricting the extrinsic message length to 2 bits and also simplifies the check node operation. The algorithm is simulated and the results show that the performance is better than that of other algorithms. This algorithm can be incorporated into partially parallel hardware architecture to get significant savings in hardware resources when implemented in FPGA.
In this paper, design of a high throughput low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder using overlapped message passing scheduling algorithm is presented. Regular hierarchical quasi-cyclic (H-QC) LDPC code is used in this design to provide good coding performance at long code length. The two-level regular H-QC LDPC code matrix structure is exploited to parallelize the row and column decoding operations. Our scheduling algorithm re-arranges these operations across iteration boundaries to avoid memory access conflicts. The memory requirement is reduced by half compared to pipelined decoders without scheduling. A (12288, 6144) LDPC decoder implemented in FPGA achieves 298 Mbps throughput performance.