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QUANTUM COMPUTING IN SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES WITH 0.1 µ µ µ µm SEPARATION OF NUCLEAR- SPIN QUBITS

Dmitry Mozyrsky, Vladimir Privman A

Published Jan 1, 2001• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Nuclear-spin qubit interactions in a heterostructure can be mediated via the bound outer electrons of impurity atoms whose nuclear spins 1/2 are the qubits. These outer electrons, in turn, interact via the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime. We devised a quantum computing scheme, based on this mechanism, with qubit separation of order 0.1 µm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies, and retaining all the gate-control and measurement aspects of earlier nuclear-spin quantum computing proposals.

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Nuclear-spin qubit interactions in a heterostructure can be mediated via the bound outer electrons of impurity atoms whose nuclear spins 1/2 are the qubits. These outer electrons, in turn, interact via the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime. We devised a quantum computing scheme, based on this mechanism, with qubit separation of order 0.1 µm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies, and retaining all the gate-control and measurement aspects of earlier nuclear-spin quantum computing proposals.
We combine elements of the 1998 quantum computing proposals by Privman, Vagner and Kventsel, and by Kane, with the new idea of nuclear-spin qubit interactions mediated indirectly via the bound outer electrons of impurity atoms whose nuclear spins 1/2 are the qubits. These electrons, in turn, interact via the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the gate-control and measurement aspects of the proposal by Kane, but allows qubit spacing at distances of order 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor-heterostructure device technologies.
We propose a mechanism of long-range coherent coupling between nuclear spin qubits in semiconductor-heterojunction quantum information processing devices. The coupling is via localized donor electrons which interact with the two-dimensional electron gas. An effective interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is evaluated. We also discuss mechanisms of decoherence and consider gate control of the interaction between qubits. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the control and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of the order of 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies.
The use of nuclear spins for quantum computation is limited by the difficulty in creating genuine quantum entanglement between distant nuclei. Current demonstrations of nuclear entanglement in semiconductors rely on coupling the nuclei to a common electron, which is not a scalable strategy. In this work, we demonstrated a two-qubit controlled-Z logic operation between the nuclei of two phosphorus atoms in a silicon device, separated by up to 20 nanometers. Each atom binds separate electrons, whose exchange interaction mediates the nuclear two-qubit gate. We prepared and measured a nuclear Bell state with a fidelity of [Formula: see text] and a concurrence of [Formula: see text]. With this method, future progress in scaling up semiconductor spin qubits can be extended to the development of nuclear spin-based quantum computers.
Quantum computers are machines that exploit the quantum mechanical properties of physical systems to realize an exponential speed-up in problem-solving capability compared with existing computers. Existing schemes for the realization of such machines occur in diverse areas such as atomic physics, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, quantum optics and solid state physics. We are concerned here with the experimental realization of various elements needed for quantum information processing using nuclear spin immersed in a confined electronic system in the quantum Hall regime. Some distinguishing characteristics of this approach include the application of the Overhauser effect for dynamic nuclear polarization at relatively high temperatures, spin measurement using relatively simple electrical detection techniques, spin control with microwave/radio frequency methods, the utilization of the electronic spin exciton as a possible mobile spin transfer mechanism for the eventual realization of a logic gate, and the application of semiconductor technology to device integration. Concepts involved in this approach are also illustrated with experimental results.
An electron-nucleon double spin(ENDOS) solid-state quantum computer scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the qubits are the nuclear spins of phosphorus ion implanted on the (111) surface of 28^{28}28Si substrate. An 13^{13}13C atom on a scanning tunnelling probe tip is used both to complete single qubit and two-qubit control-not operation, and single qubit measurement. The scheme does not require interactions between qubits, and can accomplish two qubits without the use of SWAP gate. This scheme is scalable, and can be implemented with present-day or near-future technologies.